ArticleBMC psychiatry2020
Evaluation of serum amino acids and non-enzymatic antioxidants in drug-naïve first-episode major depressive disorder.
Article in BMC psychiatry, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 51 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
51 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 78 citations in OpenAlex.
- Evaluation of inflammatory cytokines in drug-naïve major depressive disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis.International journal of immunopathology and pharmacologyPooled it
- Multinutrient Supplementation in Children With ADHD Reduced Pro- and Anti-Inflammatory Immune Factors in the MADDY Randomized Controlled Trial.Journal of attention disorders · 2026Trial
- Trial
- Alterations in Gut Microbiota and Serum Metabolome Are Associated with Postpartum Depression.Nutrients · 2026Article
- Associations between serum amino acids and genetic liability to depression in the LURIC cohort.BMC psychiatry · 2026Article
- A genetic atlas of relationships between circulating metabolites and liability to psychiatric conditions.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- Gender differences in gray matter volume of the anterior cingulate cortex and suicidal ideation in patients with major depressive disorder: evidence from the REST-meta-MDD project.Translational psychiatry · 2025Article
- Analysis of Amino Acid and Derivative Diversity and Antioxidant Capacity inJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Article
- Structural brain changes in the anterior cingulate cortex of major depressive disorder individuals with suicidal ideation: Evidence from the REST-meta-MDD project.Psychological medicine · 2025Article
- A Clinical Risk Prediction Model for Depressive Disorders Based on Seven Machine Learning Algorithms.International journal of general medicine · 2025Article
- Advances and Challenges in Depression Marker Research.Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment · 2025Review
- Unveiling chiral amino acid alterations and glycine dysregulation in late-life depression through targeted metabolomics.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Article
- The association between fruit and vegetable intake and depression: evidence from genetic studies.The journal of nutrition, health & aging · 2024Article
- Neurological and metabolic related pathophysiologies and treatment of comorbid diabetes with depression.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2024Review
- Using an Interpretable Amino Acid-Based Machine Learning Method to Enhance the Diagnosis of Major Depressive Disorder.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Evaluation of serum interleukin-12 and interleukin-4 as potential biomarkers for the diagnosis of major depressive disorder.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Serum levels of interleukin-33 and mesencephalic astrocyte derived neurotrophic factors in patients with major depressive disorder: a cross-sectional comparative design.BMC psychiatry · 2024Article
- Plasma amino acids in major depressive disorder: between pathology to pharmacology.EXCLI journal · 2024Review
- The association between vitamin C and depressive risk based on the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey of 2017-2018 and Mendelian randomization study.American journal of translational research · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe alterations of biological markers are thought to be effective tools to understand the pathophysiology and management of major depressive disorder (MDD). A lot of researches has implied many markers for depression, but any of them fully discovered the association between the markers and depression. The present study investigated the serum levels of amino acids and non-enzymatic antioxidants in major depression, and also explained their association with depression.
methodsThis study examined 247 MDD patients and 248 healthy controls (HCs) matched by age and sex. The Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (Ham-D) was used to all the participants to measure the severity of depression. Quantification of serum amino acids, vitamin A and E were carried out using the HPLC system whereas vitamin C levels were measured by UV-spectrophotometer. All the statistical analysis was performed by SPSS statistical software (version 23.0). The independent sample t-test, the Mann-Whitney U test, and the Fisher's exact test were applied to detect the group differences where a Bonferroni correction applied to the p value.
resultsIt was observed that serum levels of four amino acids (methionine, phenylalanine, tryptophan, and tyrosine) along with three non-enzymatic antioxidants (vitamin A, E, and C) were significantly dropped in MDD patients compared to HCs (Cohen's d (d): - 0.45, - 0.50, - 0.68, - 0.21, - 0.27, - 0.65, and - 0.24, respectively). Furthermore, Ham-D scores of cases were negatively correlated with serum levels of methionine (r = - 0.155, p = 0.015) and tyrosine (r = - 0.172, p = 0.007).
conclusionThe present study suggests that lowered serum methionine, phenylalanine, tryptophan, tyrosine, and non-enzymatic antioxidants are associated with depression. The reduction of these parameters in MDD patients may be the consequence, and not the cause, of major depression.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.