ReviewClinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America2020
Molecular and Direct Detection Tests for Treponema pallidum Subspecies pallidum: A Review of the Literature, 1964-2017.
Review in Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 52 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
52 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 117 citations in OpenAlex.
- Description of clinical cases and available diagnostic tools of oropharyngeal syphilis: a systematic review of the literature.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Pooled it
- Sexually Transmitted Infections Treatment Guidelines, 2021.MMWR. Recommendations and reports : Morbidity and mortality weekly report. Recommendations and reports · 2021Guideline
- Rapid/point-of-care syphilis testing in high-income countries: insights and implementation challenges from the authors' experience in Canada.Journal of clinical microbiology · 2026Review
- Innovations and Challenges in Syphilis Screening and Prevention Among Men Who Have Sex With Men: A Scoping Review.Sexually transmitted diseases · 2026Article
- Strengthening STD Screening Programs: Comprehensive Evaluation of High-Throughput Immunoassays for HIV and Syphilis Detection.Microorganisms · 2026Article
- High Prevalence of Haemophilus ducreyi Among Patients With Suspected Primary syphilis in Malawi, 2019-2022.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2026Article
- Updates on epidemiology and diagnostic tests of syphilis in South Korea.The Korean journal of internal medicine · 2026Review
- State-of-the-Art Review: Congenital Syphilis in the Modern Era: Current Strategies and Future Directions.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2026Review
- Rapid visual detection of Treponema pallidum using the RPA-CRISPR/Cas12a system.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Estimating the sensitivity of non-treponemal and treponemal antibody tests in primary syphilis.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- Detection of Treponema pallidum tpp47 DNA in clinical samples of syphilis patients.European journal of medical research · 2025Article
- Advances in Syphilis Diagnostics to Address the 21st-Century Epidemic.Clinical chemistry · 2025Review
- A novel colorimetric immunosensor based on silk cocoon membrane-integrated ELISA for treponemal antibody detection.Microbiology spectrum · 2025Article
- A Case Report of Oral Syphilis Before and After Management.Clinical case reports · 2025Article
- B-Cell Epitope Mapping of theDiagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- The Role of Traditional and Reverse Algorithms in the Diagnosis of Syphilis in HIV-Infected Individuals: A Case Study on Istanbul.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Update on syphilis diagnostics.Current opinion in infectious diseases · 2025Review
- Clinical Presentation of Early Syphilis and Genomic Sequences of Treponema pallidum Strains in Patient Specimens and Isolates Obtained by Rabbit Inoculation.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2024Article
- A Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Assay Utilizing Hydroxy Naphthol Blue (LAMP-HNB) for the Detection ofPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Epidemic of multiple Treponema pallidum strains in men who have sex with men in Japan: efficient multi-locus sequence typing scheme and indicator biomarkers.AIDS research and therapy · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Direct detection methods for Treponema pallidum include dark-field microscopy (DFM), direct fluorescence antibody (DFA) testing, immunohistochemistry (IHC), and nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs). Here, we reviewed the relevant syphilis diagnostic literature to address 2 main questions with respect to T. pallidum direct detection techniques: "What are the performance characteristics for each direct detection test for T. pallidum and what are the optimal specimen types for each test?" and "What options are available for T. pallidum molecular epidemiology?" To answer these questions, we searched 5 electronic databases (OVID Medline, OVID Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, and Scopus) from 1964 to 2017 using relevant search terms and identified 1928 articles, of which 37 met our inclusion criteria. DFM and DFA sensitivities ranged from 73% to 100% in cases of primary syphilis; and while sensitivity using silver stain histopathology for T. pallidum was generally low (0%-41%), higher performance characteristics were observed for T. pallidum-specific IHC (49-92%). Different genes have been targeted by T. pallidum-specific NAATs, with the majority of studies indicating that sensitivity is primarily dependent on the type of collected biological sample, with highest sensitivity observed in primary lesion exudate (75-95%). Given the rising incidence of syphilis, the development of direct, Food and Drug Administration-cleared T. pallidum NAATs should be considered an immediate priority.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.