ArticleCancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII2020
Prognostic impacts of tumoral expression and serum levels of PD-L1 and CTLA-4 in colorectal cancer patients.
Article in Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05457075 (Role of Immune Checkpoints in Predicting Response to Neoadjuvant Therapy in Rectal Cancer Patients), which is not on this map. Cited by 37 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Role of Immune Checkpoints in Predicting Response to Neoadjuvant Therapy in Rectal Cancer Patients
Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 55 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prognostic and clinicopathological value of soluble programmed cell death ligand-1 (sPD-L1) in patients with colorectal cancer: a meta-analysis.World journal of surgical oncology · 2025Pooled it
- The Prognostic Value of Circulating Soluble Programmed Death Ligand-1 in Cancers: A Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in oncology · 2020Pooled it
- Multi-omics analysis of saccharomyces boulardii supplementation reveals coordinated microbiome, metabolic, and immune signaling changes accompanying tumor suppression.Gut microbes · 2026Article
- Investigating the expression of CTLA-4 and CD28 genes as immune regulators in patients with colorectal polyps.BMC cancer · 2026Article
- Soluble CTLA-4 as a context-dependent immune checkpoint: biology, biomarker potential, and therapeutic implications.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Lack of cytoplasmic expression of a new marker programmed cell death ligand-1 in tumor cells is significant.World journal of experimental medicine · 2025Article
- Immuno-Oncology at the Crossroads: Confronting Challenges in the Quest for Effective Cancer Therapies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Soluble immune checkpoint molecules in cancer risk, outcomes prediction, and therapeutic applications.Biomarker research · 2024Review
- Soluble immune checkpoints: implications for cancer prognosis and response to immune checkpoint therapy and conventional therapies.Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR · 2024Review
- CTLA-4: Checkpoints beyond the membrane.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2024Article
- A Comprehensive Study on the Prognostic Value and Clinicopathological Significance of Different Immune Checkpoints in Patients With Colorectal Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Current therapeutic research, clinical and experimental · 2024Review
- Effects of Apatinib combined with Temozolomide on levels of sPD-1 and sPD-L1 in patients with drug-resistant recurrent glioblastoma.Clinics (Sao Paulo, Brazil) · 2024Observational
- Role of CTLA4 and pSTAT3 Immunostaining in Prognosis and Treatment of the Colorectal Carcinoma.Iranian journal of pathology · 2024Article
- Soluble Forms of Immune Checkpoints and Their Ligands as Potential Biomarkers in the Diagnosis of Recurrent Pregnancy Loss-A Preliminary Study.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Analysis of the Prognostic Potential of Schlafen 11, Programmed Death Ligand 1, and Redox Status in Colorectal Cancer Patients.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Targeted Therapies in Colorectal Cancer: Recent Advances in Biomarkers, Landmark Trials, and Future Perspectives.Cancers · 2023Review
- Soluble PD-L1: a potential dynamic predictive biomarker for immunotherapy in patients with proficient mismatch repair colorectal cancer.Journal of translational medicine · 2023Article
- SPOCK1 and POSTN are valuable prognostic biomarkers and correlate with tumor immune infiltrates in colorectal cancer.BMC gastroenterology · 2023Article
- CTLA-4 and its inhibitors in esophageal cancer: efficacy of therapy and potential mechanisms of adverse events.American journal of cancer research · 2023Review
- Integration of liquid biopsy and immunotherapy: opening a new era in colorectal cancer treatment.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
14 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundProgrammed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) play a pivotal role in cancer immunotherapy. Each of these molecules has a membrane-bound receptor form (mPD-L1/mCTLA-4) and a soluble form (sPD-L1/sCTLA-4). However, these prognostic impacts in colorectal cancer (CRC) remain unclear.
methodsWe immunohistochemically scored tumoral mPD-L1/mCTLA-4 expression and quantified preoperative circulating sPD-L1/sCTLA-4 levels using matched serum specimens from 131 patients with pStage I-III CRC. We also examined the association between these statuses and tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in these patients.
resultsElevated levels of mPD-L1, mCTLA-4, sPD-L1 and sCTLA-4 were significantly correlated with poor overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). Co-high expression of tumoral mPD-L1 and mCTLA-4 or co-elevated levels of serum sPD-L1 and sCTLA-4 were strongly correlated with poor OS and DFS. Multivariate analysis revealed that both statuses were negative independent prognostic factors for OS [hazard ratio (HR) 3.86, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.71-8.51, p = 0.001; HR 5.72, 95% CI 1.87-14.54, p = 0.004, respectively] and DFS (HR 2.53, 95% CI 1.23-4.95, p = 0.01; HR 6.88, 95% CI 2.42-17.13, p = 0.0008, respectively). Although low expression of tumoral mCTLA-4 was significantly correlated with increased CD8(+) TILs, there was no correlation in any other combination.
conclusionsWe verified the prognostic impacts of mPD-L1, mCTLA-4, sPD-L1 and sCTLA-4 in pStage I-III CRC patients. Dual evaluation of immune checkpoint molecules in primary tissues or preoperative serum could identify a patient population with poor prognosis in these patients.
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