ReviewTherapeutic advances in reproductive health
Laboratory and clinical management of leukocytospermia and hematospermia: a review.
Review in Therapeutic advances in reproductive health. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association of semen leukocytes with sperm DNA fragmentation in a clinical cohort.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- Review
- Role of Leukocytospermia in the Management of Male Infertility: Decoding a Mystery for the Busy Clinicians.The world journal of men's health · 2025Review
- Specific types of male infertility are correlated with T cell exhaustion or senescence signatures.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Testicular immunity.Molecular aspects of medicine · 2024Review
- Leukocytospermia and/or Bacteriospermia: Impact on Male Infertility.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- An Alternative Application of Magnetic-Activated Cell Sorting: CD45 and CD235a Based Purification of Semen and Testicular Tissue Samples.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Effect of leukocytes on semen quality in men from primary and secondary infertile couples: A cross-sectional study.Health science reports · 2023Article
- Ejaculation: the Process and Characteristics From Start to Finish.Current sexual health reports · 2023Article
- A comparative study of canine epididymal sperm collection techniques and cryopreservation.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2023Article
- Relevance of Leukocytospermia and Semen Culture and Its True Place in Diagnosing and Treating Male Infertility.The world journal of men's health · 2022Review
- Bacteriospermia - A formidable player in male subfertility.Open life sciences · 2022Review
- Canine and Feline Epididymal Semen-A Plentiful Source of Gametes.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2021Review
- Sexually transmitted infections and semen quality from subfertile men with and without leukocytospermia.Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E · 2021Article
- Transrectal ultrasound-guided seminal vesicle catheterization with continuous antibiotic infusion for the treatment of refractory hematospermia.Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2021Article
- Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Male Infertility: A Narrative Review.Reproductive medicine and biologyReview
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Leukocytospermia and hematospermia are defined as the presence of abnormally high white blood cell and red blood cell concentration in the semen, respectively. Numerous etiologies and various implications on fertility have been identified. In a small proportion of men, the presence of white blood cells or red blood cells can adversely affect sperm quality by the production of reactive oxygen species. Several methods have been used to assess the presence of white blood cells and red blood cells in samples, such as identification of round cells, immunohistochemical staining using monoclonal antibodies, the Endtz test, the peroxidase test, and flow cytometry or microscopy. In addition, techniques have been identified to separate sperm samples from white blood cells and red blood cells for cryopreservation to improve outcomes in assisted reproductive technology. In this review, laboratory and clinical management of leukocytospermia and hematospermia are discussed. Currently available diagnostic methods and treatment options are outlined, and available optimal cryopreservation techniques for samples with white blood cells or red blood cells are summarized.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.