ReviewBMJ paediatrics open2020
Pharmacokinetics during therapeutic hypothermia for neonatal hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy: a literature review.
Review in BMJ paediatrics open, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 40 citations in OpenAlex.
- Interventions for the Management of Pain and Sedation in Newborns Undergoing Therapeutic Hypothermia for Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy: A Systematic Review.Paediatric drugs · 2023Pooled it
- Neurodevelopmental outcome in infants with neonatal encephalopathy receiving hydrocortisone during therapeutic hypothermia: follow-up of the extended-CORTISoL trial.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2025Trial
- On target dosing: erythropoietin exposure in neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy in the HEAL trial.Pediatric research · 2025Trial
- Glomerular Filtration Rate in Asphyxiated Neonates Under Therapeutic Whole-Body Hypothermia, Quantified by Mannitol Clearance.Clinical pharmacokinetics · 2021Trial
- Advancing Pediatric Dose Scaling: Strategies, Modeling Approaches, and Clinical Applications.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- EDIN and N-PASS pain scale comparison in asphyxiated newborns treated with therapeutic hypothermia.Frontiers in pain research (Lausanne, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- The effect of using dexmedetomidine versus morphine as sedation on long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes of encephalopathic neonates undergoing therapeutic hypothermia.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2025Observational
- From Fragmented Data to Integrated Drug Development in Asphyxiated Neonates Undergoing Therapeutic Hypothermia.Journal of clinical pharmacology · 2025Article
- Machine learning based clinical decision tool to predict acute kidney injury and survival in therapeutic hypothermia treated neonates.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Sedation and anesthesia for imaging of the infant and neonate-a brief review.Pediatric radiology · 2024Review
- Sequential levetiracetam and phenytoin in electroencephalographic neonatal seizures unresponsive to phenobarbital: a multicenter prospective observational study in India.The Lancet regional health. Southeast Asia · 2024Article
- A Population Model of Time-Dependent Changes in Serum Creatinine in (Near)term Neonates with Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy During and After Therapeutic Hypothermia.The AAPS journal · 2023Article
- Behavioral and Cognitive Outcomes of Rhesus Macaques Following Neonatal Exposure to Antiseizure Medications.Annals of neurology · 2023Article
- Population Pharmacokinetics and Dosing Optimization of Ceftazidime in Term Asphyxiated Neonates during Controlled Therapeutic Hypothermia.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2023Observational
- Current knowledge, challenges and innovations in developmental pharmacology: A combined conect4children Expert Group and European Society for Developmental, Perinatal and Paediatric Pharmacology White Paper.British journal of clinical pharmacology · 2022Review
- Population pharmacokinetics in critically ill neonates and infants undergoing extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: a literature review.BMJ paediatrics open · 2022Review
- Treatments and therapeutic protocols for the recovery of an asphyxiated new-born: A review of pre-clinical and clinical studies in human neonates and in different animal models.Veterinarni medicina · 2022Review
- Interventions for the management of Pain and Sedation in Newborns undergoing Therapeutic hypothermia for hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (IPSNUT): protocol of a systematic review.Systematic reviews · 2022Article
- Recent studies are focus on the new treatments for hypoxicischemic encephalopathy (HIE) and long-term outcomes in later childhood and adolescence in children with a history on HIE.Clinical and experimental pediatrics · 2021Article
- A single dose of aminophylline administration during therapeutic hypothermia; does it make a difference in glomerular filtration rate?European journal of pediatrics · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundNeonatal hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy due to perinatal asphyxia, can result in severe neurodevelopmental disability or mortality. Hypothermia is at present the only proven neuroprotective intervention. During hypothermia, the neonate may need a variety of drugs with their specific pharmacokinetic profile. The aim of this paper is to determine the effect that hypothermia for neonates suffering from hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy has on the pharmacokinetics and to what extent dosing regimens need adjustments.
methodA systematic search was performed on PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library of literature (2000-2020) using a combination of the following search terms: therapeutic hypothermia, neonate, hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy and pharmacokinetics. Titles and abstracts were screened, and inclusion/exclusion criteria were applied. Finally, relevant full texts were read, and secondary inclusion was applied on the identified articles.
resultsA total of 380 articles were retrieved, and 34 articles included after application of inclusion/exclusion criteria and duplicate removal, two additional papers were included as suggested by the reviewers. Twelve out of 36 studies on 15 compounds demonstrated a significant decrease in clearance, be it that the extent differs between routes of elimination and compounds, most pronounced for renal elimination (phenobarbital no difference, midazolam metabolite -21%, lidocaine -24%; morphine -21% to -47%, gentamicin -25% to -35%, amikacin -40%) during hypothermia. The data as retrieved in literature were subsequent compared with the dosing regimen as stated in the Dutch paediatric formulary.
conclusionDepending on the drug-specific disposition characteristics, therapeutic hypothermia in neonates with hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy affects pharmacokinetics.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.