ArticlePublic health nutrition2020
Differences in the sugar content of fast-food products across three countries.
Article in Public health nutrition, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Diet Quality and Physical Activity and Their Association with BMI and Dental Caries Among High School Adolescents: A Cross-Sectional Study.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- BMI, Dental Caries, and Risk Factors among Elementary School Children: A Cross-Sectional Study.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Fast food consumption and its relationship with oral health among US adults: A cross-sectional NHANES-based study.The Saudi dental journal · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo compare the sugar content of items at four multinational fast-food chains, across three countries.
designTotal sugar (g)/per serving was extracted from online nutrition information, and sugar/100 g serving was calculated. Foods were categorised as: breakfast sandwiches, burgers, sandwiches, desserts and condiments. Beverages were categorised as fountain, frozen or pre-packaged. Sugar (g) was compared across countries using linear mixed-effects models. Pairwise comparisons were performed with Tukey-Kramer adjustments.
settingUSA, Germany and Australia.
participantsBurger King™ (Hungry Jack's™), Kentucky Fried Chicken™, McDonald's™ and Subway™.
resultsDifferences in total sugar/100 g or ml were observed across countries for burgers (n 104), desserts (n 110), sandwiches (n 178), pre-packaged beverages (n 36) and frozen beverages (n 72). Comparing identical items across countries (e.g. BigMacTM from McDonalds in USA, Germany and Australia), burgers (n 10 available in all three countries) had lower sugar content in Australia (3·4 g/100 g) compared with the USA (4·7 g/100 g, P = 0·02) or Germany (4·6 g/100 g, P = 0·04), yet no differences were observed in other food categories. Comparing the same beverages across countries (e.g. chocolate shake from Burger King), frozen beverages (n 4 available in all three countries) had lower sugar content in Australia (14·2 g/100 ml), compared with the USA (20·3 g/100 ml, P = 0·0005) or Germany (17·8 g/100 ml, P = 0·0148), yet no differences were observed in other beverage categories.
conclusionsHeterogeneity in fast-food sugar content across countries suggests that reductions are possible and should be implemented to reduce health risks associated with excess added sugar intake.
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