ArticleParasites & vectors2020
Trypanosome infections in naturally infected horses and donkeys of three active sleeping sickness foci in the south of Chad.
Article in Parasites & vectors, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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11 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- Equine trypanosomiasis, a systematic review and meta-analyses: Prevalence, morbidity and mortality.Equine veterinary journal · 2026Pooled it
- The burden of brucellosis in donkeys and its implications for public health and animal welfare: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Veterinary world · 2025Article
- [Updating the northern tsetse distribution limit in Chad in the context of global change].Medecine tropicale et sante internationale · 2024Article
- Performance of diagnostic tests for Trypanosoma brucei brucei in experimentally infected pigs.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2023Article
- Deep kinetoplast genome analyses result in a novel molecular assay for detectingNAR genomics and bioinformatics · 2022Article
- Molecular Identification of Trypanosome Diversity in Domestic Animals Reveals the Presence ofPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Evaluation of the Re-emergence Risk of Human African Trypanosomiasis in the Southwestern Burkina Faso, A Gold-Bearing Mutation Area.Acta parasitologica · 2022Article
- Prevalence of pathogenic trypanosome species in naturally infected cattle of three sleeping sickness foci of the south of Chad.PloS one · 2022Article
- Free-ranging pigs identified as a multi-reservoir of Trypanosoma brucei and Trypanosoma congolense in the Vavoua area, a historical sleeping sickness focus of Côte d'Ivoire.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2021Article
- Diversity of tsetse flies and trypanosome species circulating in the area of Lake Iro in southeastern Chad.Parasites & vectors · 2021Article
- Molecular identification of Trypanosoma brucei gambiense in naturally infected pigs, dogs and small ruminants confirms domestic animals as potential reservoirs for sleeping sickness in Chad.Parasite (Paris, France) · 2020Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundEquine trypanosomiases are complex infectious diseases with overlapping clinical signs defined by their mode of transmission. Despite their economic impacts, these diseases have been neglected by the scientific community, the veterinary authorities and regulatory organizations. To fill the observed knowledge gap, we undertook the identification of different trypanosome species and subspecies naturally infecting horses and donkeys within the Chadian sleeping sickness focus. The objective of the study was to investigate the potential role of these domestic animals as reservoirs of the human-infective Trypanosoma brucei gambiense.
methodBlood samples were collected from 155 donkeys and 131 horses in three human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) foci in Chad. Rapid diagnostic test (RDT) and capillary tube centrifugation (CTC) test were used to search for trypanosome infections. DNA was extracted from each blood sample and different trypanosome species and subspecies were identified with molecular tools.
resultsFrom 286 blood samples collected, 54 (18.9%) and 36 (12.6%) were positive for RDT and CTC, respectively. PCR revealed 101 (35.3%) animals with trypanosome infections. The Cohen's kappa coefficient used to evaluate the concordance between the diagnostic methods were low; ranging from 0.09 ± 0.05 to 0.48 ± 0.07. Trypanosomes of the subgenus Trypanozoon were the most prevalent (29.4%), followed by T. congolense forest (11.5%), Trypanosoma congolense savannah (4.9%) and Trypanosoma vivax (4.5%). Two donkeys and one horse from the Maro HAT focus were found with T. b. gambiense infections. No significant differences were observed in the infection rates of different trypanosomes between animal species and HAT foci.
conclusionsThis study revealed several trypanosome species and subspecies in donkeys and horses, highlighting the existence of AAT in HAT foci in Chad. The identification of T. b. gambiense in donkeys and horses suggests considering these animals as potential reservoir for HAT in Chad. The presence of both human-infective and human non-infective trypanosomes species highlights the need for developing joint control strategies for HAT and AAT.
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