Evidence map›Paper›PMID 32575617›Full record

ArticleMolecules (Basel, Switzerland)2020

Understanding Surface Interaction and Inclusion Complexes between Piroxicam and Native or Crosslinked β-Cyclodextrins: The Role of Drug Concentration.

Giuseppina Raffaini, Fabio Ganazzoli

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
11citing papers in PubMed
1.6field-weighted citation impact, top 19% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

11 citing papers in PubMed, 28 citations in OpenAlex.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Giuseppina RaffainiDepartment of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Piazza L. Da Vinci 32, 20131 Milano, Italy.ORCID 0000-0003-3462-6514
Fabio GanazzoliDepartment of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Piazza L. Da Vinci 32, 20131 Milano, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-9762-4535
National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology · IT

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Drug concentration plays an important role in the interaction with drug carriers affecting the kinetics of release process and toxicology effects. Cyclodextrins (CDs) can solubilize hydrophobic drugs in water enhancing their bioavailability. In this theoretical study based on molecular mechanics and molecular dynamics methods, the interactions between β-cyclodextrin and piroxicam, an important nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, were investigated. At first, both host-guest complexes with native β-CD in the 1:1 and in 2:1 stoichiometry were considered without assuming any initial a priori inclusion: the resulting inclusion complexes were in good agreement with literature NMR data. The interaction between piroxicam and a β-CD nanosponge (NS) was then modeled at different concentrations. Two inclusion mechanisms were found. Moreover, piroxicam can interact with the external NS surface or with its crosslinkers, also forming one nanopore. At larger concentration, a nucleation process of drug aggregation induced by the first layer of adsorbed piroxicam molecules is observed. The flexibility of crosslinked β-CDs, which may be swollen or quite compact, changing the surface area accessible to drug molecules, and the dimension of the aggregate nucleated on the NS surface are important factors possibly affecting the kinetics of release, which shall be theoretically studied in more detail at specific concentrations.

Indexed as

Molecular Dynamics SimulationAnti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidalbeta-CyclodextrinsDrug CarriersHydrogen-Ion ConcentrationHydrophobic and Hydrophilic InteractionsPiroxicamAnti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidalbeta-CyclodextrinsDrug CarriersPiroxicamdrug concentrationdrug deliveryinclusion complexesmolecular dynamics simulationsmolecular recognition phenomenananocarriersnanospongepharmaceutical applicationssolubilizationβ-cyclodextrin

Identifiers

PMID32575617
PMCPMC7355541
OpenAlexW3036842516

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.