ArticleAntioxidants (Basel, Switzerland)2020
Targeting the Heme-Heme Oxygenase System to Prevent Severe Complications Following COVID-19 Infections.
Article in Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland), 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 50 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
50 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 84 citations in OpenAlex.
- COVID-19-Associated acute respiratory distress syndrome (CARDS): Mechanistic insights on therapeutic intervention and emerging trends.International immunopharmacology · 2021Pooled it
- Methylprednisolone pulse therapy compared with intravenous dexamethasone for severe COVID-19 patients: a randomized clinical trial.Virology journal · 2025Trial
- Trial
- Selective Inhibition of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Function by COVID-19 Antiviral Drugs: Impact of Heme Oxygenase-1.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Efficient and scalable construction of clinical variable networks for complex diseases with RAMEN.Cell reports methods · 2025Article
- Precision nutrition to reset virus-induced human metabolic reprogramming and dysregulation (HMRD) in long-COVID.NPJ science of food · 2024Review
- De novo design of bioactive phenol and chromone derivatives for inhibitors of Spike glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2 in silico.3 Biotech · 2023Article
- Pharmacological inhibition of bromodomain and extra-terminal proteins induces an NRF-2-mediated antiviral state that is subverted by SARS-CoV-2 infection.PLoS pathogens · 2023Article
- A study on the effect of natural products against the transmission of B.1.1.529 Omicron.Virology journal · 2023Review
- Serum High-Mobility Group Box 1 and Heme Oxygenase-1 as Biomarkers in COVID-19 Patients at Hospital Admission.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- The Impact of the Serum Extraction Protocol on Metabolomic Profiling Using UPLC-MS/MS and FTIR Spectroscopy.ACS omega · 2023Article
- Misreport of burns as a result of 'coining', Gua sha; inherent harms from publication and ongoing citation of false facts.Integrative medicine research · 2023Article
- Interaction Between SARS-CoV-2 and Pathogenic Bacteria.Current microbiology · 2023Review
- Glutamine Deficiency Promotes Immune and Endothelial Cell Dysfunction in COVID-19.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Potential of green tea EGCG in neutralizing SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant with greater tropism toward the upper respiratory tract.Trends in food science & technology · 2023Review
- Circulating Peptidome Is Strongly Altered in COVID-19 Patients.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- Atazanavir-induced unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia prevents vascular hyporeactivity during experimental human endotoxemia.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Increase of HO-1 Expression in Critically Ill COVID-19 Patients Is Associated with Poor Prognosis and Outcome.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Therapeutic Potential of Inducible Endogenous Cytoprotective Heme Oxygenase-1 in Mitigating SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Associated Inflammation.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Heme-oxygenase and lipid mediators in obesity and associated cardiometabolic diseases: Therapeutic implications.Pharmacology & therapeutics · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 is causing a pandemic resulting in high morbidity and mortality. COVID-19 patients suffering from acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are often critically ill and show lung injury and hemolysis. Heme is a prosthetic moiety crucial for the function of a wide variety of heme-proteins, including hemoglobin and cytochromes. However, injury-derived free heme promotes adhesion molecule expression, leukocyte recruitment, vascular permeabilization, platelet activation, complement activation, thrombosis, and fibrosis. Heme can be degraded by the anti-inflammatory enzyme heme oxygenase (HO) generating biliverdin/bilirubin, iron/ferritin, and carbon monoxide. We therefore postulate that free heme contributes to many of the inflammatory phenomena witnessed in critically ill COVID-19 patients, whilst induction of HO-1 or harnessing heme may provide protection. HO-activity not only degrades injurious heme, but its effector molecules possess also potent salutary anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties. Until a vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 becomes available, we need to explore novel strategies to attenuate the pro-inflammatory, pro-thrombotic, and pro-fibrotic consequences of SARS-CoV-2 leading to morbidity and mortality. The heme-HO system represents an interesting target for novel "proof of concept" studies in the context of COVID-19.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.