Trial reportDiabetes, obesity & metabolism2020
Exenatide extended release in patients with type 1 diabetes with and without residual insulin production.
Trial report in Diabetes, obesity & metabolism, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist treatment reduces body weight and improves glycaemic outcomes in patients with concurrent overweight/obesity and type 1 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2026Pooled it
- Glucagon-like peptide-1 agonists' effects on glycemic control, weight loss, and beta cells function in type 1 diabetes.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Pooled it
- Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists as add-on therapy to insulin for type 1 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Hormones (Athens, Greece) · 2025Pooled it
- The effects of GLP-1 agonists on HbA1c and insulin dose among patients with type 1 diabetes.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Pooled it
- The use of semaglutide as an add-on therapy in patients with latent autoimmune diabetes in adults.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2026Article
- New and emerging therapies in type 1 diabetes mellitus.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2026Review
- GLP-1 receptor agonists in cardiovascular disease: a guide for cardiologists.The British journal of cardiology · 2026Article
- Autoimmune Type 1 Diabetes in the Era of Disease-Modifying Immune Therapy.Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews · 2025Review
- Review
- The Promise of Adjunct Medications in Improving Type 1 Diabetes Outcomes: Glucagon-Like Peptide Receptor Agonists.Journal of diabetes science and technology · 2025Review
- Intestinal glucagon-like peptide-1: A new regulator of impaired counterregulatory responses to hypoglycemia in type 1 diabetes mellitus.World journal of diabetes · 2025Article
- Evaluating the Effect on Total Daily Insulin Dose in Adult Patients with Type 1 Diabetes Managed with Metformin and/or GLP-1 or GLP-1/GIP Receptor Agonists.Innovations in pharmacy · 2025Article
- Intestinal glucagon-like peptide-1 in hypoglycemic counterregulation for type 1 diabetes management.World journal of diabetes · 2024Article
- Effectiveness and Safety of GLP-1 Receptor Agonists in Patients with Type 1 Diabetes.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024 · on this mapArticle
- Mechanistic Pathways and Clinical Implications of GLP-1 Receptor Agonists in Type 1 Diabetes Management.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- The emergence of obesity in type 1 diabetes.International journal of obesity (2005) · 2024Review
- Article
- Can Unmet Needs Be Addressed by Adjunctive Therapies? Findings from a Patient Perspectives Survey in Adults with Type 1 Diabetes.Journal of patient experience · 2024Article
- Incretins beyond type 2 diabetes.Diabetologia · 2023Review
- Editorial: The gut-pancreas axis in type 1 diabetes - a focus on environmental factors.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
Abstract
aimsTo test whether a long-acting GLP-1 receptor agonist would improve glucose control in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and to determine whether the presence of residual beta cell function would affect the response. In addition, we sought to determine whether the drug would affect beta cell function.
methodsWe performed a randomized placebo-controlled trial of exenatide extended release (ER) in participants with T1D with and without detectable levels of C-peptide. Seventy-nine participants were randomized to exenatide ER 2 mcg weekly, or placebo, stratified by the presence or absence of detectable C-peptide levels. The primary outcome was the difference in glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) levels at 24 weeks. Participants were followed for another 6 months off study drug.
resultsAt week 24, the time of the primary outcome, the least squares (LS) mean HbA1c level was 7.76% (95% confidence interval [CI] 7.42, 8.10) in the exenatide ER group versus 8.0% (95% CI 7.64, 8.35) in the placebo group (P = 0.08). At week 12 the LS mean HbA1c levels were 7.71% (95% CI 7.37, 8.05) in the exenatide ER group versus 8.05% (95% CI 7.7, 8.4) in the placebo group (P = 0.01). The improvement at week 12 was driven mainly by those with detectable levels of C-peptide. Those treated with exenatide ER lost weight at 12 and 24 weeks compared to those treated with placebo (P <0.001 and P = 0.007). The total insulin dose was lower, but not when corrected for body weight, and was not affected by residual insulin production. Adverse events were more frequent with exenatide ER, but hypoglycaemia was not increased.
conclusionTreatment with exenatide ER may have short-term benefits in some individuals with T1D who are overweight or who have detectable levels of C-peptide, but short-term improvements were not sustained.
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