ArticleIndoor air2020
Disparities of indoor temperature in winter: A cross-sectional analysis of the Nationwide Smart Wellness Housing Survey in Japan.
Article in Indoor air, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed.
- Electrocardiogram abnormalities in residents in cold homes: a cross-sectional analysis of the nationwide Smart Wellness Housing survey in Japan.Environmental health and preventive medicine · 2021Trial
- The Japanese Society of Hypertension Practical Consensus Guidelines for Seasonal Blood Pressure Management.Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension · 2026Article
- Clinical Characteristics and Treatment Patterns of Hyperhidrosis in Northern Hokkaido: A Single-Center Retrospective Descriptive Study.The Journal of dermatology · 2026Article
- Changes in blood pressure following the relocation of individuals to well-insulated and well-ventilated apartments building.Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension · 2026Article
- Association between cold climates and in-hospital mortality of acute heart failure: An observational study using multilevel analysis.Medicine · 2026Observational
- Article
- Perceived indoor thermal environment and depressive symptoms among older adults in the Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Forecasting daily bathtub-drowning mortality in Japan: a comparative analysis of statistical, machine learning, and deep learning approaches.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Association between outdoor temperature and bath-related drowning deaths in Japan (1995-2020): modifying factors and the role of prefectural characteristics.Environmental health and preventive medicine · 2025Article
- Combination of housing type (detached houses vs flats) and tenure (owned vs rented) in relation to cardiovascular mortality: findings from a 6-year cohort study in Japan.BMJ public health · 2025Article
- Bathing-related accidents requiring ambulance dispatches in relation to age and ambient temperature in Nagoya, Japan: differences between detached houses and apartment buildings.Environmental health and preventive medicine · 2025Article
- Effect of living in well-insulated warm houses on hypertension and cardiovascular diseases based on a nationwide epidemiological survey in Japan: a modelling and cost-effectiveness analysis.BMJ public health · 2024Article
- The effect of energy poverty on mental health, cardiovascular disease and respiratory health: a longitudinal analysis.The Lancet regional health. Western Pacific · 2023Article
- Association between Indoor Temperature in Winter and Serum Cholesterol: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of the Smart Wellness Housing Survey in Japan.Journal of atherosclerosis and thrombosis · 2022Article
- A review of Japanese-style bathing: its demerits and merits.Journal of physiological anthropology · 2022Review
- Effect of storage temperature on the dispersibility of commercially available 0.1% fluorometholone ophthalmic suspension.PloS one · 2022Article
- Disparities of indoor temperature in winter: A cross-sectional analysis of the Nationwide Smart Wellness Housing Survey in Japan.Indoor air · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The WHO Housing and health guidelines recommend a minimum indoor temperature of 18°C to prevent cold-related diseases. In Japan, indoor temperatures appear lower than in Euro-American countries because of low insulation standards and use of partial intermittent heating. This study investigated the actual status of indoor temperatures in Japan and the common characteristics of residents who live in cold homes. We conducted a nationwide real-world survey on indoor temperature for 2 weeks in winter. Cross-sectional analyses involving 2190 houses showed that average living room, changing room, and bedroom temperatures were 16.8°C, 13.0°C, and 12.8°C, respectively. Comparison of average living room temperature between prefectures revealed a maximum difference of 6.7°C (Hokkaido: 19.8°C, Kagawa: 13.1°C). Compared to the high-income group, the odds ratio for living room temperature falling below 18°C was 1.38 (95% CI: 1.04-1.84) and 2.07 (95% CI: 1.28-3.33) for the middle- and low-income groups. The odds ratio was 1.96 (95% CI: 1.19-3.22) for single-person households, compared to households living with housemates. Furthermore, lower room temperature was correlated with local heating device use and a larger amount of clothes. These results will be useful in the development of prevention strategies for residents who live in cold homes.
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