SynthesisDigestive endoscopy : official journal of the Japan Gastroenterological Endoscopy Society2021
Lidocaine spray versus viscous lidocaine solution for pharyngeal local anesthesia in upper gastrointestinal endoscopy: Systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Digestive endoscopy : official journal of the Japan Gastroenterological Endoscopy Society, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- Conscious analgesia with oxycodone improves the efficacy and safety in patients at high risk of aspiration during gastroscopy: a randomized double-blind trial.BMC anesthesiology · 2026Trial
- Effect of Lidocaine Spray on the Sedative Dose of Remimazolam During Gastroscopy in Adults: A Prospective, Randomized Dose-Response Trial Using an Up-Down Sequential Allocation Method.Drug design, development and therapy · 2026Trial
- Comparative effectiveness of lidocaine sprays between sitting and supine position for patients undergoing upper gastrointestinal endoscopy: a prospective randomized controlled trial.Surgical endoscopy · 2022Trial
- The Efficacy and Safety of Remimazolam Tosilate versus Etomidate-Propofol in Elderly Outpatients Undergoing Colonoscopy: A Prospective, Randomized, Single-Blind, Non-Inferiority Trial.Drug design, development and therapy · 2021Trial
- Article
- Anesthetic efficacy of two administration regimens of obucaine hydrochloride gel for transnasal fiberoptic laryngoscopy: a single-center retrospective cohort study.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Advances in the Clinical Application of MAC: A Review of Drug Selection, Combination Therapy, and Administration Methods.Drug design, development and therapy · 2025Review
- Evaluation of the Effect of Benzydamine Hydrochloride on the Intensity of Gag Reflex: A Randomized Single-Blind Clinical Trial.Journal of dentistry (Shiraz, Iran) · 2024Article
- Necessity of pharyngeal anesthesia during transoral gastrointestinal endoscopy: a randomized clinical trial.Clinical endoscopy · 2023Article
- Efficacy and safety of different doses of remimazolam tosylate for colonoscopy: single-center, prospective, randomized, double-blind, parallel trial.Annals of translational medicine · 2022Article
- Double-blind randomized noninferiority study of the effect of pharyngeal lidocaine anesthesia on EUS.Endoscopic ultrasoundArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesThere are two major methods for local anesthesia by lidocaine before upper gastrointestinal endoscopy: simple spray and viscous solution. We aimed to assess the efficacy and safety by meta-analysis between these two methods.
methodsWe searched PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, and ClinicalTrials.gov databases through October 2019 to perform meta-analyses using random-effects models. The primary outcomes were participants' pain/discomfort, satisfaction, and anaphylactic shock. Three reviewers independently searched for articles, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias. We evaluated the certainty of evidence based on the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation approach. This study was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42020155611).
resultsWe included seven randomized controlled trials (2667 participants). The participants' pain/discomfort may be similar between the lidocaine spray and viscous solution [standardized mean difference 0.03, 95% confidence intervals (CI) -0.37 to 0.42; I
conclusionThe use of lidocaine spray for local anesthesia provided better satisfaction scores than the viscous solution, and both methods have the same effect with regards to the control of discomfort and pain. Further studies in large multicenter randomized controlled trials with a pre-registration protocol are needed.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.