SynthesisHepatology international2020
Clinical benefits of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Hepatology international, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 56 citations in OpenAlex.
- Quantitative evaluation of the efficacy and safety of first-line systemic therapies for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma.European journal of clinical pharmacology · 2025Pooled it
- Comparison of Efficacy and Safety between Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors and Targeted Drugs in Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Combinatorial chemistry & high throughput screening · 2025Pooled it
- Approved immune checkpoint inhibitors in hepatocellular carcinoma: a large-scale meta-analysis and systematic review.Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology · 2024Pooled it
- Clinical outcomes of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology · 2023Pooled it
- Prognostic and clinicopathological significance of PD-1 expression in hepatocellular carcinoma: a meta-analysis.The Journal of international medical research · 2020Pooled it
- Survival Outcomes and Safety of Programmed Cell Death/Programmed Cell Death Ligand 1 Inhibitors for Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Result From Phase III Trials.Cancer control : journal of the Moffitt Cancer CenterPooled it
- Fucoidan Improves Tumour Control and Liver Function in TACE for Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Randomised Trial.Liver international : official journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver · 2025Trial
- Current status and challenges of immune checkpoint inhibitors in liver cancer: from monotherapy to combination strategies.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2026Review
- Immunotherapy in hepatocellular carcinoma: translating mechanistic insights into clinical advances.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2026Review
- Data-driven precision: artificial intelligence redefining immunoradiotherapy in advanced pancreatic cancer.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- GFRAL-Fc disarms GDF15 to reprogram tumor immunity and amplify PD-1 efficacy in hepatocellular carcinoma.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2025Article
- Immune checkpoint inhibitors in gastrointestinal malignancies: an Umbrella review.Cancer cell international · 2024Review
- Prognostic factors in patients with first diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma presenting with pulmonary metastasis and construction of a clinical prediction model.Updates in surgery · 2024Article
- Efficacy and safety of PD-1 inhibitors plus anti-angiogenesis tyrosine kinase inhibitors with or without transarterial chemo(embolization) for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma: a meta-analysis.Frontiers in oncology · 2024Review
- Stroma-associated FSTL3 is a factor of calcium channel-derived tumor fibrosis.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Analysis and prediction of the efficacy and influencing factors of camrelizumab combined with TACE and sorafenib in the treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma.Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology · 2023Article
- Efficacy and safety of surufatinib in the treatment of advanced solid tumors: a systematic evaluation and meta‑analysis.Oncology letters · 2023Article
- Self-supervised contrastive learning using CT images for PD-1/PD-L1 expression prediction in hepatocellular carcinoma.Frontiers in oncology · 2023Article
- Review
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Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundSignificant improvement of objective response rate and overall survival period has been achieved in several types of solid tumors by treatment with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors, which shed some light on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Currently, a number of clinical trials concerning the application of checkpoint inhibitors in HCC are ongoing, some of which have shown favorable expectations. Hereby, we conducted a meta-analysis of existing studies to reveal the efficacy and safety of checkpoint inhibitors in advanced HCC.
methodsMedline, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science were searched from inception to January 31, 2020. The clinical trials reporting the efficacy of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in advanced HCC patients were eligible. Overall results of complete response (CR), partial response (PR), stable disease (SD), progression of disease (PD), objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS) and rate of adverse events (AE) with their 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were calculated as the primary focus of the meta-analysis. Subgroup analyses were conducted primarily according to the categories of PD-1 inhibitor or PD-L1 inhibitor and combination therapy or monotherapy. In addition, pooled results of PD-1/PD-L1 monoclonal antibodies (mAb) combining with anti-VEGF agents were calculated separately.
resultsA total of 20 studies with 1232 patients were included. The overall CR, PR and SD rate were 0.01 (95% CI 0.01-0.03), 0.17 (95% CI 0.14-0.22) and 0.39 (95% CI 0.34-0.43), respectively. The overall ORR and DCR were 0.20 (95% CI 0.16-0.24) and 0.60 (95% CI 0.54-0.67), respectively. The overall PFS and OS were 3.58 months (95% CI 2.65-4.50) and 12.24 months (95% CI 10.48-14.00), respectively. For patients treated with PD-1/PD-L1 mAb combing with anti-VEGF agent, ORR was 29% (95% CI 0.15-0.43) and DCR was 77% (95% CI 0.70-0.84). For all included studies, the overall rate of AE was 0.63 (95% CI 0.45-0.78) and serious adverse events (SAE) was 0.11 (95% CI 0.06-0.22).
conclusionsPD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors showed favorable outcomes concerning response rates and survival periods in advanced HCC. Updated results from high-quality clinical trials are expected to validate these findings.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.