ArticleGut2021
Location-specific cell identity rather than exposure to GI microbiota defines many innate immune signalling cascades in the gut epithelium.
Article in Gut, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 55 papers.
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Who cites it
55 citing papers in PubMed, 98 citations in OpenAlex.
- Regional organization of nutrient absorption across the small intestine.Nature reviews. Gastroenterology & hepatology · 2026Review
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- Salmonella SopB suppresses post-transcriptionally regulated cytokine release to reduce early tissue inflammation and delay disease progression.Nature communications · 2026Article
- SMURF: soft-segmentation for single-cell reconstruction and topological analysis of spatial transcriptomic data.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Lessons on multicellular two- (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) culture in parasitology: Insights, challenges and future directions.International journal for parasitology · 2026Review
- Microbiome-produced nicotinic acid controls colon regional identity and injury susceptibility.Cell · 2026Article
- Highly Active Probiotic Yogurt Against Cyclophosphamide-Induced Immunosuppression in Mice by Regulating Immune Response and Gut Microbiota.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2026Article
- Advanced human organoid-on-chip with physiological cellular complexity reveals bidirectional secretion patterns.iScience · 2026Article
- Intestinal organoid models as tools to interrogate the physiology of human mucosal tissues and host-microbe interactions.mSphere · 2025Review
- Nanoencapsulation enhanced the performance of β-carotene for ameliorating inflammation in patient-derived organoids.Nanomedicine (London, England) · 2025Article
- Human respiratory organoids sustained reproducible propagation of human rhinovirus C and elucidation of virus-host interaction.Nature communications · 2024Article
- CSF1 is expressed by the intestinal epithelial cells to regulate Mφ macrophages and maintain epithelial homeostasis and is downregulated in neonates with necrotizing enterocolitis.BMC pediatrics · 2024Article
- Organoids as a tool to study the impact of heterogeneity in gastrointestinal epithelium on host-pathogen interactions.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2024Review
- Review
- Strontium Attenuates LPS-Induced Inflammation via TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB Pathway in Bovine Ruminal Epithelial Cells.Biological trace element research · 2024Article
- Review
- Current applications of intestinal organoids: a review.Stem cell research & therapy · 2024Review
- SARS-CoV-2 tropism to intestinal but not gastric epithelial cells is defined by limited ACE2 expression.Stem cell reports · 2024Article
- Non-professional efferocytosis of Salmonella-infected intestinal epithelial cells in the neonatal host.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveThe epithelial layer of the GI tract is equipped with innate immune receptors to sense invading pathogens. Dysregulation in innate immune signalling pathways is associated with severe inflammatory diseases, but the responsiveness of GI epithelial cells to bacterial stimulation remains unclear.
designWe generated 42 lines of human and murine organoids from gastric and intestinal segments of both adult and fetal tissues. Genome-wide RNA-seq of the organoids provides an expression atlas of the GI epithelium. The innate immune response in epithelial cells was assessed using several functional assays in organoids and two-dimensional monolayers of cells from organoids.
resultsResults demonstrate extensive spatial organisation of innate immune signalling components along the cephalocaudal axis. A large part of this organisation is determined before birth and independent of exposure to commensal gut microbiota. Spatially restricted expression of Toll-like receptor 4 (
conclusionWe conclude that the epithelial innate immune barrier follows a specific pattern per GI segment. The majority of the expression patterns and the function of TLR4 is encoded in the tissue-resident stem cells and determined primarily during development.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.