ArticleAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI2020
The Pharmacokinetics of Medetomidine Administered Subcutaneously during Isoflurane Anaesthesia in Sprague-Dawley Rats.
Article in Animals : an open access journal from MDPI, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- Immature olfactory sensory neurons provide complementary input in the intact olfactory system.iScience · 2026Article
- The Impact of Vatinoxan on the Concentrations of Medetomidine, Midazolam, and Fentanyl in Central Nervous System After Subcutaneous Co-Administration in Rats.Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics · 2025Article
- Biochemical Identification and Clinical Description of Medetomidine Exposure in People Who Use Fentanyl in Philadelphia, PA.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Functional MRI reveals regional changes of brain activity in rats following longitudinal focal high-density theta burst stimulation (hdTBS).Imaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2025Article
- Classics in Chemical Neuroscience: Medetomidine.ACS chemical neuroscience · 2024Review
- Effects of vatinoxan in rats sedated with a combination of medetomidine, midazolam and fentanyl.Acta veterinaria Scandinavica · 2024Article
- Rapid emergence from dexmedetomidine sedation in Sprague Dawley rats by repurposing an αBMC anesthesiology · 2023Article
- The impact of vasomotion on analysis of rodent fMRI data.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2023Article
- Applications in Awake Animal Magnetic Resonance Imaging.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2022Review
- Zero Echo TimeMetabolites · 2021Article
- Refinements to Animal Models for Biomedical Research.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Anaesthetic protocols involving the combined use of a sedative agent, medetomidine, and an anaesthetic agent, isoflurane, are increasingly being used in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies of the rodent brain. Despite the popularity of this combination, a standardised protocol for the combined use of medetomidine and isoflurane has not been established, resulting in inconsistencies in the reported use of these drugs. This study investigated the pharmacokinetic detail required to standardise the use of medetomidine and isoflurane in rat brain fMRI studies. Using mass spectrometry, serum concentrations of medetomidine were determined in Sprague-Dawley rats during medetomidine and isoflurane anaesthesia. The serum concentration of medetomidine for administration with 0.5% (vapouriser setting) isoflurane was found to be 14.4 ng/mL (±3.0 ng/mL). The data suggests that a steady state serum concentration of medetomidine when administered with 0.5% (vapouriser setting) isoflurane can be achieved with an initial subcutaneous (SC) dose of 0.12 mg/kg of medetomidine followed by a 0.08 mg/kg/h SC infusion of medetomidine. Consideration of these results for future studies will facilitate standardisation of medetomidine and isoflurane anaesthetic protocols during fMRI data acquisition.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.