ArticleToxins2020
The Comparative Toxicity of 10 Microcystin Congeners Administered Orally to Mice: Clinical Effects and Organ Toxicity.
Article in Toxins, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
39 citing papers in PubMed, 78 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cyanopeptide Mixtures Induce Variable Synergistic and Antagonistic Effects Across Diverse Human Cell Lines.Environmental toxicology · 2026Article
- Article
- Interannual variation in freshwater and marine phycotoxins quantified from oysters cultured across diverse coastal sites.Aquaculture reports · 2026Article
- Detoxification mechanisms of black soldier fly larvae against microcystin-LR.Functional & integrative genomics · 2026Article
- Secondary metabolism ofApplied and environmental microbiology · 2026Review
- The systemic toxicity of intravitreally injected gold nanorods in mice: Effects of size, surface conjugation, and post-injection period.Toxicological research · 2025Article
- Article
- Cyanobacterial Peptides in Anticancer Therapy: A Comprehensive Review of Mechanisms, Clinical Advances, and Biotechnological Innovation.Marine drugs · 2025Review
- Tolerance to a Diet of ToxicToxins · 2025Article
- Article
- Short-term ingestion of sublethal microcystin levels disrupts stress response in male mice.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Article
- Unprecedented toxic blooms of Microcystis spp. in 2019 in the Chowan River, North Carolina.Harmful algae · 2024Article
- Synthesis of a Truncated Microcystin Tetrapeptide Molecule from a Partial Mcy Gene Cluster in Microcystis Cultures and Blooms.Environmental science & technology · 2024Article
- Aerosolized Harmful Algal Bloom Toxin Microcystin-LR Induces Type 1/Type 17 Inflammation of Murine Airways.Toxins · 2024Article
- Article
- Characterization of NR1J1 Paralog Responses of Marine Mussels: Insights from Toxins and Natural Activators.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- CyanoStrainChip: A Novel DNA Microarray Tool for High-Throughput Detection of Environmental Cyanobacteria at the Strain Level.Environmental science & technology · 2024Article
- Identification of Serine-Containing Microcystins by UHPLC-MS/MS Using Thiol and Sulfoxide Derivatizations and Detection of Novel Neutral Losses.Analytical chemistry · 2024Article
- Effects of the catastrophic 2020 Yangtze River seasonal floods on microcystins and environmental conditions in Three Gorges Reservoir Area, China.Frontiers in microbiology · 2024Article
- Aerosolized Cyanobacterial Harmful Algal Bloom Toxins: Microcystin Congeners Quantified in the Atmosphere.Environmental science & technology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Microcystins (MCs) are common cyanobacterial toxins that occur in freshwaters worldwide. Only two of the >200 MC variants have been tested for potential toxicity after oral exposure. This paper reports on the toxicity of 10 different MC congeners identified in algal blooms, microcystin-LR (MCLR), MCLA, MCLF, MCLW, MCLY, MCRR, [Asp3]MCRR, [Asp3,Dhb7]MCRR, MCWR, and MCYR after single administrations to BALB/c mice. In a preliminary MCLR dose-response study of 3 to 9 mg/kg doses, ≥5 mg/kg induced clinical changes, increased serum levels of ALT, AST, and GLDH, liver congestion, increased liver/body weight ratios, and reduced serum glucose and total protein. Based on the extent of these effects, the 10 congeners were administered as single 7 mg/kg oral doses and toxicity evaluated. The greatest toxicity was observed with MCLA and MCLR including a high percentage of moribundity. In addition to eliciting effects similar to those listed above for MCLR, MCLA also induced serum alterations indicative of jaundice. MCLY, and MCYR induced changes like those noted with MCLR, but to lesser extents. MCLW and MCLF exhibited some serum and morphological changes associated with hepatic toxicity, while there were few indications of toxicity after exposures to MCRR, [Asp
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.