ArticleMolecules (Basel, Switzerland)2020
Changes of Ginsenoside Composition in the Creation of Black Ginseng Leaf.
Article in Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 34 citations in OpenAlex.
- The rise of dehydrated ginsenosides: phytochemistry and pharmacology.Journal of advanced research · 2026Review
- Integrated multi-omics maps how processed black ginseng modulates gut homeostasis through rare ginsenosides.NPJ science of food · 2026Article
- Anti-skin aging effects of black ginseng extracts through regulating inflammatory factors and the CLOCK-ERK pathway in mice.Journal of ginseng research · 2026Article
- Quantitative description and microscopic mechanism of ginsenosides' reactions during the thermal-driven processing of Panax ginseng.Journal of ginseng research · 2026Article
- Ginsenoside Rg3 Improved Age-Related Macular Degeneration Through Inhibiting ROS-Mediated Mitochondrion-Dependent Apoptosis In Vivo and In Vitro.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Integrated Analysis of Ginsenoside Content and Biomarker Changes in Processed Ginseng: Implications for Anti-Cancer Mechanisms.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Analysis of the Variation in Antioxidant Activity and Chemical Composition upon the Repeated Thermal Treatment of the By-Product of the Red Ginseng Manufacturing Process.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Ginseng in white and red processed forms: Ginsenosides and cardiac side effects.Food science & nutrition · 2024Article
- Water extract of ginseng alleviates parkinsonism in MPTP-induced Parkinson's disease mice.PloS one · 2024Article
- How to More Effectively Obtain Ginsenoside Rg5: Understanding Pathways of Conversion.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- The Content and Principle of the Rare Ginsenosides Produced fromMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Saponins of ginseng products: a review of their transformation in processing.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2023Review
- Remarkable impact of commercial sterilizing on ginsenosides transformation in fresh ginseng pulp based on widely targeted metabolomics analysis.Food chemistry: X · 2022Article
- Thermal Control Using Far-Infrared Irradiation for Producing Deglycosylated Bioactive Compounds from Korean Ginseng Leaves.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Qualitative and quantitative analysis of the bioactive components of "ginseng-polygala" drug pair against PC12 cell injury based on UHPLC-QTOF-MS and HPLC.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Article
- Pharmacological properties, molecular mechanisms and therapeutic potential of ginsenoside Rg3 as an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Review
- The Effects of New Zealand Grown Ginseng Fractions on Cytokine Production from Human Monocytic THP-1 Cells.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Ginseng is an increasingly popular ingredient in supplements for healthcare products and traditional medicine. Heat-processed ginsengs, such as red ginseng or black ginseng, are regarded as more valuable for medicinal use when compared to white ginseng due to some unique less polar ginsenosides that are produced during heat-treatment. Although ginseng leaf contains abundant ginsenosides, attention has mostly focused on ginseng root; relatively few publications have focused on ginseng leaf. Raw ginseng leaf was steamed nine times to make black ginseng leaf using a process that is similar to that used to produce black ginseng root. Sixteen ginsenosides were analyzed during each steaming while using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The contents of ginsenosides Rd and Re decreased and the less polar ginsenosides (F2, Rg3, Rk2, Rk3, Rh3, Rh4, and protopanaxatriol) enriched during steam treatment. After nine cycles of steaming, the contents of the less polar ginsenosides F2, Rg3, and Rk2 increased by 12.9-fold, 8.6-fold, and 2.6-fold, respectively. Further, we found that the polar protopanaxadiol (PPD) -type ginsenosides are more likely to be converted from ginsenoside Rg3 to ginsenosides Rk1 and Rg5 via dehydration from Rg3, and from ginsenoside Rh2 to ginsenosides Rk2 and Rh3 through losing an H
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