SynthesisThe international journal of neuropsychopharmacology2020
Treatment Response of Add-On Esketamine Nasal Spray in Resistant Major Depression in Relation to Add-On Second-Generation Antipsychotic Treatment.
Synthesis in The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy and safety of esketamine on major depression, postpartum depression and perioperative depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Pooled it
- Efficacy and safety of racemic ketamine and esketamine for depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Expert opinion on drug safety · 2022Pooled it
- Trajectory of response to esketamine nasal spray for treatment resistant depression: Findings from ESCAPE-TRD.European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists · 2026Trial
- Efficacy of Analgesic Propofol/Esketamine and Propofol/Fentanyl for Painless Induced Abortion: A Randomized Clinical Trial.BioMed research international · 2022Trial
- Adverse drug events and toxicological mechanisms of esketamine: a study based on US Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System and network toxicology analysis.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Article
- Treatment-resistant depression and intranasal esketamine: Spanish consensus on theoretical aspects.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Article
- Treatment-resistant depression: definition, prevalence, detection, management, and investigational interventions.World psychiatry : official journal of the World Psychiatric Association (WPA) · 2023Article
- Indirect adjusted comparison of 6-month clinical outcomes between esketamine nasal spray and other real-world polypharmacy treatment strategies for treatment resistant depression: results from the ICEBERG study.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2023Article
- A Meta-Analysis of the Antidepressant Responses in Pivotal Trials on Esketamine Nasal Spray and Atypical Antipsychotics.Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment · 2023Article
- ICEBERG study: an indirect adjusted comparison estimating the long-term benefit of esketamine nasal spray when compared with routine treatment of treatment resistant depression in general psychiatry.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2023Article
- Key considerations in the pharmacological management of treatment-resistant depression.Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy · 2021Article
- Synthesizing the Evidence for Ketamine and Esketamine in Treatment-Resistant Depression: An International Expert Opinion on the Available Evidence and Implementation.The American journal of psychiatry · 2021Review
- Response to commentary on the comparative efficacy of esketamine vs. ketamine meta-analysis: Putting the cart before the horse?Journal of affective disorders · 2021Article
- Case Report: Repeated Series of Ketamine Infusions in Patients With Treatment-Resistant Depression: Presentation of Five Cases.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2021Article
- Clinical Features and Outcomes of 124 Italian Patients With Treatment Resistant Depression: A Real-World, Prospective Study.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In this meta-analysis, we aimed to estimate and compare the efficacy of add-on treatment of antidepressants with esketamine nasal spray and second-generation antipsychotics in patients with nonpsychotic major depressive disorder and inadequate response to antidepressants. Searching for acute-phase, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trials, we found 22 second-generation antipsychotic (n = 8363) and 3 intranasal esketamine (n = 641) studies. Mean change in the Montgomery Åsberg Depression Rating Scale total score served as outcome. We determined a higher mean difference (vs placebo) for the pooled esketamine nasal spray trials (mean difference = 4.09, 95% confidence interval: 2.01 to 6.17) than for the pooled second-generation antipsychotic augmentation trials (mean difference = 2.05, 95% confidence interval: 1.51 to 2.59). Thus, the effect size for intranasal esketamine was nearly twice as high as those for the second-generation antipsychotics. This indicates high efficacy of add-on esketamine nasal spray in treatment-resistant major depressive disorder compared with other well-established, evidence-based pharmacological options such as augmentation with second-generation antipsychotics.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.