ReviewComputers in biology and medicine2020
COVID-19 Coronavirus spike protein analysis for synthetic vaccines, a peptidomimetic antagonist, and therapeutic drugs, and analysis of a proposed achilles' heel conserved region to minimize probability of escape mutations and drug resistance.
Review in Computers in biology and medicine, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 68 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
68 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 182 citations in OpenAlex.
- Discontinuation of Antihypertensive Drug Use Compared to Continuation in COVID-19 Patients: A Systematic Review with Meta-analysis and Trial Sequential Analysis.High blood pressure & cardiovascular prevention : the official journal of the Italian Society of Hypertension · 2023Pooled it
- The Spike of SARS-CoV-2: Uniqueness and Applications.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Pooled it
- CD4+ T cells from COVID-19 mRNA vaccine recipients recognize a conserved epitope present in diverse coronaviruses.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2022Trial
- An Approach for Engineering Peptides for Competitive Inhibition of the SARS-COV-2 Spike Protein.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Production and Immunogenicity Assessment of LTp50: AnPharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Nanobody-peptide-conjugate (NPC) for passive immunotherapy against SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VoC): a prospective pan-coronavirus therapeutics.Molecular diversity · 2023Article
- Biopanning of specific peptide for SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay-based antigen assay.Analytica chimica acta · 2023Article
- Secondary Structures of MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2 Spike Proteins Revealed by Infrared Vibrational Spectroscopy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Mechanistic insight into the protective and pathogenic immune-responses against SARS-CoV-2.Molecular immunology · 2023Review
- PhytoestrogenVaccines · 2023Article
- Unanswered questions on the airborne transmission of COVID-19.Environmental chemistry letters · 2023Review
- Advancements in Testing Strategies for COVID-19.Biosensors · 2022Review
- Computational prediction of the molecular mechanism of statin group of drugs against SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Systems pharmacology-based drug discovery and active mechanism of natural products for coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19): An example using flavonoids.Computers in biology and medicine · 2022Article
- Peptides for Vaccine Development.ACS applied bio materials · 2022Review
- Synthesis, spectroscopic, and computational studies on molecular charge-transfer complex of 2-((2-hydroxybenzylidene) amino)-2-(hydroxymethyl) propane-1, 3-diol with chloranilic acid: Potential antiviral activity simulation of CT-complex against SARS-CoV-2.Journal of molecular structure · 2022Article
- Combating Infectious Diseases with Synthetic Biology.ACS synthetic biology · 2022Review
- Synergistic surface-enhanced Raman scattering effect to distinguish live SARS-CoV-2 S pseudovirus.Analytica chimica acta · 2022Article
- Overview of SARS-CoV-2 genome-encoded proteins.Science China. Life sciences · 2022Review
- Potential therapeutic options for COVID-19: an update on current evidence.European journal of medical research · 2022Review
8 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This paper continues a recent study of the spike protein sequence of the COVID-19 virus (SARS-CoV-2). It is also in part an introductory review to relevant computational techniques for tackling viral threats, using COVID-19 as an example. Q-UEL tools for facilitating access to knowledge and bioinformatics tools were again used for efficiency, but the focus in this paper is even more on the virus. Subsequence KRSFIEDLLFNKV of the S2' spike glycoprotein proteolytic cleavage site continues to appear important. Here it is shown to be recognizable in the common cold coronaviruses, avian coronaviruses and possibly as traces in the nidoviruses of reptiles and fish. Its function or functions thus seem important to the coronaviruses. It might represent SARS-CoV-2 Achilles' heel, less likely to acquire resistance by mutation, as has happened in some early SARS vaccine studies discussed in the previous paper. Preliminary conformational analysis of the receptor (ACE2) binding site of the spike protein is carried out suggesting that while it is somewhat conserved, it appears to be more variable than KRSFIEDLLFNKV. However compounds like emodin that inhibit SARS entry, apparently by binding ACE2, might also have functions at several different human protein binding sites. The enzyme 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 is again argued to be a convenient model pharmacophore perhaps representing an ensemble of targets, and it is noted that it occurs both in lung and alimentary tract. Perhaps it benefits the virus to block an inflammatory response by inhibiting the dehydrogenase, but a fairly complex web involves several possible targets.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.