ArticleInternational journal of ophthalmology2020
PPARγ: the dominant regulator among PPARs in dry eye lacrimal gland and diabetic lacrimal gland.
Article in International journal of ophthalmology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- Beyond the Surface: Revealing the Concealed Effects of Hyperglycemia on Ocular Surface Homeostasis and Dry Eye Disease.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Review
- Comparison of tear cytokines and neuropeptides, ocular surface parameters, and corneal nerve structure in patients with early-stage diabetes mellitus and control subjects.International ophthalmology · 2025Article
- The role of PPAR in fungal keratitis.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Potential therapeutic effects of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors on corneal diseases.Experimental biology and medicine (Maywood, N.J.) · 2024Review
- Tear proteomics in dry eye disease.Indian journal of ophthalmology · 2023Review
- Changes in the meibomian glands in postmenopausal women with primary acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction: a prospective study.BMC ophthalmology · 2023Article
- The role of sphingolipids in meibomian gland dysfunction and ocular surface inflammation.The ocular surface · 2022Review
- Potential Mechanisms of White Peony against Primary Sjögren's Syndrome Based on Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking.Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM · 2022Article
- CannabinEYEds: The Endocannabinoid System as a Regulator of the Ocular Surface Nociception, Inflammatory Response, Neovascularization and Wound Healing.Journal of clinical medicine · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
aimTo investigate the regulatory roles of the members of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) family in lacrimal gland dysfunction under conditions of desiccating stress or diabetes.
methodsQuantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was used to examine the expression of PPARs in the cornea, conjunctiva, meibomian gland, and lacrimal gland in adult rats. The rats were divided into 3 groups: a control group, dry eye group, and diabetic group. The phenol red threads test, tear film break-up time (BUT) test and fluorescein staining were carried out to evaluate the development of dry eye. Based on bioinformatics research, qPCR was used to examine the expression level of PPARγ, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), sirtuin 1 (Sirt1), myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) in the lacrimal glands.
resultsPPARα and PPARβ/δ were mainly expressed in the conjunctiva and the lacrimal gland, respectively. However, PPARγ was expressed in both the conjunctiva and lacrimal gland, at much higher levels than those measured for PPARα and PPARβ/δ. Dry eye rats and diabetic rats both showed decreased tear secretion, shortened BUT, and increased corneal staining. Significant changes in gene expression were observed compared with the control group. In the lacrimal glands of dry eye rats and diabetic rats, expression of PPARγ decreased (
conclusionAmong PPARs, PPARγ might play a dominant role in the regulation of metabolic- and inflammatory-signaling pathways on the ocular surfaces and in lacrimal glands. Down-regulation of PPARγ is highly relevant to lacrimal gland dysfunction under desiccating-stress and diabetic conditions. PPARγ, thus, is a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of environment- or diabetes-induced dry eye diseases.
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