ArticlePreventive medicine reports2020
Vape shop identification, density and place characteristics in six metropolitan areas across the US.
Article in Preventive medicine reports, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Neighbourhood inequities in the availability of retailers selling tobacco products: a systematic review.Tobacco control · 2025Pooled it
- Correlates of tobacco use among Asian and Pacific Islander youth and young adults in the U.S.: A systematic review of the literature.Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology · 2021Pooled it
- Patterns of specialty tobacco retail locations and visitor counts in the USA.Tobacco control · 2026Article
- Marketing by online tobacco retailers: An observational cross-sectional study.Tobacco induced diseases · 2026Article
- Assessment of vape shop built environment: airborne nicotine, particulate matter, ventilation, hazard identification, workplace practices, and safety perceptions.Annals of work exposures and health · 2025Article
- Vape store density and proximity to schools in Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia.Tobacco control · 2024Article
- The emergence of e-cigarette retail shops in a regulated tobacco control environment.Health promotion journal of Australia : official journal of Australian Association of Health Promotion Professionals · 2023Article
- E-cigarette cessation interest and quit attempts among young adults reporting exclusive e-cigarette use or dual use with other tobacco products: How can we reach them?Tobacco prevention & cessation · 2023Article
- Proximity of IQOS and JUUL points of sale to schools in Israel: a geospatial analysis.Tobacco control · 2022Article
- Variations in Tobacco Retailer Type Across Community Characteristics: Place Matters.Preventing chronic disease · 2022Article
- Characterizing California licensure status and tobacco user experience with adverse events using Yelp data.Preventive medicine reports · 2022Article
- The Impact of Recent Tobacco Regulations and COVID-19 Restrictions and Implications for Future E-Cigarette Retail: Perspectives from Vape and Vape-and-Smoke Shop Merchants.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Associations between disparities in tobacco retailer density and disparities in tobacco use.Preventive medicine · 2022Article
- Young people's e-cigarette risk perceptions, policy attitudes, and past-month nicotine vaping in 30 U.S. cities.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2021Article
- Vape shop and consumer activity during COVID-19 non-essential business closures in the USA.Tobacco control · 2021Article
- Turning over a new leaf: Vape shop closings, openings and transitions in six U.S. Metropolitan statistical areas.Preventive medicine reports · 2021Article
- Young Adult E-cigarette Use and Retail Exposure in 6 US Metropolitan Areas.Tobacco regulatory science · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Vaping is increasingly prevalent and controversial. Vape shops and convenience stores are common but distinct sources of vaping products, and where they locate may reflect likely target markets. This study examined the density and neighborhood demographics of vape shops and convenience stores in six metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs): Atlanta, Boston, Minneapolis, Oklahoma City, San Diego, Seattle. We identified 459 vape shops using Yelp and Google application programming interfaces and 10,777 convenience stores using ReferenceUSA and Dun & Bradstreet. Retailers were geocoded to census tracts (n = 4,442), and logistic regressions were conducted using as predictors percent non-White, percent youth (5-17 years or 5-20 years), and median household income from the American Community Survey, 2013-2017. Per 10,000 young adults, vape shop density ranged from 0.6 (Boston, San Diego) to 1.7 (Oklahoma City), and convenience store density ranged from 12.6 (San Diego) to 26.3 (Oklahoma City). Logistic regressions indicated that vape shops more likely resided in tracts with lower percentages of youth in Boston, but higher percentages of youth in Atlanta, as well as with lower incomes in Boston and Seattle. Convenience stores more likely resided in tracts with lower percentages of non-Whites in Atlanta and Boston; lower incomes in Atlanta, Boston, San Diego, and Seattle; and higher percentages of youth in Atlanta, Boston, and Minneapolis. These common retail sources of vaping products differentially locate in relation to neighborhood sociodemographics across MSAs. Findings suggest that, in some MSAs, vape shops and convenience stores may target youth and lower income populations.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.