ArticlePeerJ2020
The reproductive inhibitory effects of levonorgestrel, quinestrol, and EP-1 in Brandt's vole (
Article in PeerJ, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 15 citations in OpenAlex.
- Ethinylestradiol-Levonorgestrel Bait Impairs Testicular Function, Triggers Germ Cell Apoptosis, and Alters Health Markers in Male Rats: Implications for Wildlife Fertility.Journal of applied toxicology : JAT · 2026Article
- Effects of Fertility-Limiting Hormones Quinestrol and Levonorgestrel on Bait Intake and Reproductive Performance of the Nile Grass Rat (Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Article
- The Effect of Ketoconazole and Quinestrol Combination on Reproductive Physiology in Male Mice.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2024Article
- Responses in organs, sperm, steroid hormones and CYP450 enzyme in male mice treated by quinestrol only or in conjunction with clarithromycin.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Fertility Control for Wildlife: A European Perspective.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2023Review
- Impact of fertility versus mortality control on the demographics of Mastomys natalensis in maize fields.Integrative zoology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundRodent pests can inflict devastating impacts on agriculture and the environment, leading to significant economic damage associated with their high species diversity, reproductive rates and adaptability. Fertility control methods could indirectly control rodent pest populations as well as limit ecological consequences and environmental concerns caused by lethal chemical poisons. Brandt's voles, which are common rodent pests found in the grasslands of middle-eastern Inner Mongolia, eastern regions of Mongolia, and some regions of southern Russia, were assessed in the present study.
methodsWe evaluated the effects of a 2-mg/kg dose of levonorgestrel and quinestrol and a 1:1 mixture of the two (EP-1) on reproductive behavior as well as changes in the reproductive system, reproductive hormone levels, and toxicity in Brandt's voles.
resultsOur results revealed that all three fertility control agents can cause reproductive inhibition at a dosage of 2 mg/kg. However, quinestrol caused a greater degree of toxicity, as determined by visible liver damage and reduced expression of the detoxifying molecule CYP1A2. Of the remaining two fertility control agents, EP-1 was superior to levonorgestrel in inhibiting the secretion of follicle-stimulating hormone and causing reproductive inhibition. We believe that these findings could help promote the use of these fertility control agents and, in turn, reduce the use of chemical poisons and limit their detrimental ecological and environmental impacts.
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