ArticleBMJ open2020
Geographic variation in tobacco use in India: a population-based multilevel cross-sectional study.
Article in BMJ open, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed.
- Multilevel geographic determinants of smoking and smokeless tobacco use among young men in India: evidence for targeted addiction prevention policies.Addictive behaviors reports · 2026Article
- Caste and tobacco use: Decomposing inequalities using Global Adult Tobacco Survey, India.PloS one · 2026Article
- Review
- Changes in prevalence of alcohol and tobacco consumption across districts of India, 2016 and 2021.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Evaluation of Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Biomarkers in Chronic Cigarette Smokers: A Pilot Study.Cureus · 2024Article
- The crossroads of work and home: linkages between smoke-free policies at work and household environments.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Prevalence of smokeless tobacco use in India and its association with various occupations: A LASI study.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
- Associations between sociodemographic factors and receiving "ask and advise" services from healthcare providers in India: analysis of the national GATS-2 dataset.BMC public health · 2022Article
- Association of mass media exposure with combustible and smokeless tobacco use among Indian population: findings from a panel survey.BMC public health · 2022Article
- The association between the retail price of manufactured cigarettes and bidis on current smoking status in India.Tobacco induced diseases · 2022Article
- Does substance use by family members and community affect the substance use among adolescent boys? Evidence from UDAYA study, India.BMC public health · 2021Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveThis study aims to quantify the extent to which people's use of tobacco products varies by local areas (city ward and village) across India and the variation in this clustering by tobacco products.
designCross-sectional study. SETTING AND
participantsData on 73 954 adults across 2547 city wards and villages were available for analysis from 30 states and 2 union territories in India. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: We included as primary outcomes self-reported any tobacco use, current cigarette smoking, current bidi smoking, current smokeless tobacco use and a derived variable for dual use describing respondents who engaged in both smoking and smokeless tobacco use.
resultsThe median risk of an individual using tobacco was 1.64 times greater if a person hypothetically moved from an area of low to high risk of tobacco use (95% CI: 1.60 to 1.69). Area-level partitioning of variation differed by tobacco product used. Median ORs ranged from 1.77 for smokeless tobacco use to 2.53 for dual use.
conclusionsTobacco use is highly clustered geographically in India. To be effective in India, policy interventions should be directed to influence specific local contextual factors on adult tobacco use. Where people live in India influences their use of tobacco, and this association may be greater than has been observed in other settings. Tailoring tobacco control policies for local areas in India may, therefore, provide substantial public health benefits.
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