Observational studyPediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany)2020
Metabolic risk factors in children with kidney stone disease: an update.
Observational study in Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany), 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
- International Alliance of Urolithiasis (IAU) guidelines on the management of pediatric urolithiasis.Urolithiasis · 2024Guideline
- Efficacy and Safety of Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy in Children: A Single-Center Retrospective Analysis.Cureus · 2026Article
- Hematuria as a diagnostic marker in pediatric nephrolithiasis without acute obstruction or infection.Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) · 2026Observational
- Urolithiasis in Children-Clinical Picture, Pathogenesis, and Diagnostic Approach.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- Associations of height-for-age and BMI-for-ageFrontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- Investigating the Difference Between Self-care and Body Awareness in Clients with and without Nephrolithiasis.Advanced biomedical research · 2026Article
- CT-Detected Arterial Calcification and Ischemic Cardiovascular Risk Assessment in Patients with Upper Urinary Tract Calculi: A Case-Control Study.Risk management and healthcare policy · 2025Article
- Pediatric Nephrolithiasis: A Changing Landscape Through Time and Space.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2024Review
- Do dietary factors play a role in infantile urolithiasis?Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) · 2022Article
- Metabolic and Genetic Evaluation in Children with Nephrolithiasis.Indian journal of pediatrics · 2022Article
- [Nephrolithiasis and nephrocalcinosis in children and adolescents].Urologie (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe prevalence of kidney stones in children has significantly increased in the past few decades, with concomitant increased morbidity and healthcare costs worldwide. Assessing metabolic risk factors is essential for diagnosis and specific treatment. The objective of this retrospective study is to identify the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of children under 17 years of age, as well as the metabolic risk factors of nephrolithiasis.
methodsA total of 300 children with kidney stone disease were included to undergo several clinical tests using a standardized protocol.
resultsThe mean age was 11.2 years, and the male:female ratio was 1.15:1.0. Biochemical abnormalities were found in 89.3% of all cases. A single urine metabolic risk factor was present in 52.6% (n = 141) of the patients, and multiple risk factors were present in 36.7% (n = 106). Idiopathic hypercalciuria (alone or in combination) and hypocitraturia (alone or in combination) were the most frequent risk factors identified in 47.0% and 39.6% of these patients, respectively. Renal colic and/or unspecified abdominal pain were the most frequent forms of presentation (76.9%), followed by hematuria in 64.4% with 97.5% of stones located in the upper urinary tract. A positive family history in first-degree and second-degree relatives was found in 64.8% of boys and 61.8% of girls.
conclusionsWe conclude that specific urinary metabolic risk factors can be found in most children with kidney stones, with hypercalciuria and hypocitraturia being the most common diagnoses. Graphical abstract .
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.