SynthesisInternational urogynecology journal2021
Estrogen for the prevention of recurrent urinary tract infections in postmenopausal women: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
Synthesis in International urogynecology journal, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 48 citations in OpenAlex.
- [Preventive activities in women: PAPPS 2024 update].Atencion primaria · 2024Guideline
- Update to the management of recurrent urinary tract infections in women aged 16 years and older.Drug and therapeutics bulletin · 2026Review
- Effectiveness of Individualized Autovaccine Immunotherapy in Women With Recurrent Urinary Tract Infections: A Prospective Cohort Study.Open forum infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Prevalence and risk factors associated with asymptomatic bacteriuria in diabetic postmenopausal women in Tripoli, Libya.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Case-Based Perspectives on the Management of Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause.Clinics and practice · 2026Review
- Treatment outcomes of multidisciplinary management of recurrent urinary tract infections: A 2-year experience in a dedicated complex-UTI clinic.BJUI compass · 2026Article
- Vaginal microbiome dysbiosis and a rectal reservoir of uropathogens characterize postmenopausal women with recurrent urinary tract infections: a cross-sectional study.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- Optimizing Prevention of Recurrent Urinary Tract Infections in Older Patients with Frailty.Drugs & aging · 2025Review
- Understanding the Burden and Management of Urinary Tract Infections in Women.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Relationship between the Presence of Human Papillomavirus in the Female Urethra and Recurrent Urinary Tract Infections.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- The Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention of Recurrent Urinary Tract Infection.Deutsches Arzteblatt international · 2024Review
- Summary of guidelines from the Polish Urological Association, Polish Society of Gynaecologists and Obstetricians, and Polish Society of Family Medicine on the diagnosis, therapy, and management of community-acquired lower urinary tract infections.Central European journal of urology · 2024Article
- Care after premenopausal risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy in high-risk women: Scoping review and international consensus recommendations.BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology · 2023Article
- Emerging Non-Antibiotic Options Targeting Uropathogenic Mechanisms for Recurrent Uncomplicated Urinary Tract Infection.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Role of estrogen receptors in health and disease.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Review
- From Menopause to Neurodegeneration-Molecular Basis and Potential Therapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Sublingual MV140 vaccine: a promising noninvasive approach for recurrent urinary tract infections in women.Future microbiologyReview
- Review of non-antibiotic treatment and prevention of recurrent UTIs - a summary of current guidance and suggested treatment algorithm.Therapeutic advances in infectious diseaseArticle
- Unraveling the vaginal microbiota-based etiology of recurrent cystitis: the potential role ofTherapeutic advances in urologyReview
- How to help patients navigate genitourinary syndrome of menopause.Canadian family physician Medecin de famille canadienArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introduction and hypothesisRecurrent urinary tract infections (rUTIs) are commonly encountered in postmenopausal women. Optimal non-antimicrobial prophylaxis for rUTIs is an important health issue. The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of estrogen in the prevention of rUTIs versus placebo.
methodsEligible studies published up to December 2019 were retrieved through searches of MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and Database of Systematic Reviews. We included randomized controlled trials of estrogen therapies versus placebo regarding the outcomes of preventing rUTIs. Changes in vaginal pH and estrogen-associated adverse events were also analyzed.
resultsEight studies including 4702 patients (2367 who received estrogen and 2335 who received placebo) were identified. Five studies including 1936 patients evaluated the use of vaginal estrogen, which resulted in a significant reduction in rUTIs (relative risk, 0.42; 95% CI, 0.30-0.59). Three studies including 2766 patients evaluated the outcomes of oral estrogen in the prevention of UTIs and showed no significant difference in the number of rUTIs compared to treatment with placebo (relative risk, 1.11; 95% CI, 0.92-1.35). Two studies reviewed changes in vaginal pH and showed a lower pH (mean difference, -1.81; 95% CI, -3.10--0.52) after vaginal estrogen therapy. Adverse events associated with vaginal estrogen were reported, including vaginal discomfort, irritation, burning, and itching. There was no significance increase in the vaginal estrogen group (relative risk, 3.06; 95% CI, 0.79-11.90).
conclusionsCompared with placebo, vaginal estrogen treatment could reduce the number of rUTIs and lower the vaginal pH in postmenopausal women.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.