SynthesisPsychiatry research2020
The psychological and mental impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on medical staff and general public - A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Psychiatry research, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 856 papers, 15 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Effectiveness of a Self-applied Multi-component Psychological Online Intervention Based on User Experience, for Anxiety, Depression, Burnout, Fatigue Compassion on Healthcare Workers During the COVID-19 Outbreak: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Culturally Adapted Cognitive Behavioral Intervention to Reduce Psychological Distress Among COVID-19 Survivors: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Who cites it
856 citing papers in PubMed, 15 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 1,662 citations in OpenAlex.
- The prevalence of stress during the COVID-19 pandemic: an umbrella review.BMC public health · 2025Pooled it
- An umbrella review of the prevalence of depression during the COVID-19 pandemic: Call to action for post-COVID-19 at the global level.BMC public health · 2024Pooled it
- Estimation of the prevalence of anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic: A meta-analysis of meta-analyses.BMC public health · 2024Pooled it
- The global prevalence of depression, anxiety, and sleep disorder among patients coping with Post COVID-19 syndrome (long COVID): a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC psychiatry · 2024Pooled it
- A narrative systematic review of changes in mental health symptoms from before to during the COVID-19 pandemic.Psychological medicine · 2024Pooled it
- Depressive and anxiety symptoms amid COVID-19 pandemic among healthcare workers in a low-resource setting: a systematic review and meta-analysis from Ethiopia.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2024Pooled it
- Impact of COVID-19 on individual mental health and maternal health services in Ethiopia: systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2024Pooled it
- Women's mental health and COVID-19: increased vulnerability and inequalities.Frontiers in global women's health · 2024Pooled it
- Organizational and Individual Interventions for Managing Work-Related Stress in Healthcare Professionals: A Systematic Review.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2023Pooled it
- Risk factors of developing psychological problems among frontline healthcare professionals working in the COVID-19 pandemic era: a meta-analysis.BMC public health · 2023Pooled it
- A meta-analysis of systematic reviews and meta-analyses to evaluate the psychological consequences of COVID-19.BMC psychology · 2023Pooled it
- Virtual reality relaxation for people with mental health conditions: a systematic review.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology · 2023Pooled it
- Prevalence of Burnout among Teachers during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Meta-Analysis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Pooled it
- Attention and memory after COVID-19 as measured by neuropsychological tests: Systematic review and meta-analysis.Acta psychologica · 2023Pooled it
- Suicide before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Pooled it
- Trial
- Asynchronous Distance Learning Performance and Knowledge Retention of the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale Among Health Care Professionals Using Video or e-Learning: Web-based Randomized Controlled Trial.Journal of medical Internet research · 2025Trial
- A Longitudinal RCT on the Effectiveness of a Psychological Intervention for Hospital Healthcare Workers During the COVID-19 Pandemic: What We Learned to Date.Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings · 2025Trial
- Attributes of higher- and lower-performing hospitals in the Consult for Addiction Treatment and Care in Hospitals (CATCH) program implementation: A multiple-case study.Journal of substance use and addiction treatment · 2025Trial
- Effectiveness of a WHO self-help psychological intervention to alleviate stress among healthcare workers in the context of COVID-19 in China: a randomised controlled trial.Epidemiology and psychiatric sciences · 2024Trial
796 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused enormous psychological impact worldwide. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis on the psychological and mental impact of COVID-19 among healthcare workers, the general population, and patients with higher COVID-19 risk published between 1 Nov 2019 to 25 May 2020. We conducted literature research using Embase, PubMed, Google scholar and WHO COVID-19 databases. Among the initial search of 9207 studies, 62 studies with 162,639 participants from 17 countries were included in the review. The pooled prevalence of anxiety and depression was 33% (95% confidence interval: 28%-38%) and 28% (23%-32%), respectively. The prevalence of anxiety and depression was the highest among patients with pre-existing conditions and COVID-19 infection (56% [39%-73%] and 55% [48%-62%]), and it was similar between healthcare workers and the general public. Studies from China, Italy, Turkey, Spain and Iran reported higher-than-pooled prevalence among healthcare workers and the general public. Common risk factors included being women, being nurses, having lower socioeconomic status, having high risks of contracting COVID-19, and social isolation. Protective factors included having sufficient medical resources, up-to-date and accurate information, and taking precautionary measures. In conclusion, psychological interventions targeting high-risk populations with heavy psychological distress are in urgent need.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.