ArticleJournal of safety research2020
State-level seat belt use in the United States, 2011-2016: Comparison of self-reported with observed use and use by fatally injured occupants.
Article in Journal of safety research, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed.
- Young Adult Alcohol and Cannabis Impaired Driving After the Opening of Cannabis Retail Stores in Washington State.Prevention science : the official journal of the Society for Prevention Research · 2024Article
- Seat Belt Use in the US by Pregnant Motor Vehicle Occupants.JAMA network open · 2023Article
- Article
- Use of child safety seats and booster seats in the United States: A comparison of parent/caregiver-reported and observed use estimates.Journal of safety research · 2021Article
- Does geographic location matter for transportation risk behaviors among U.S. public high school students?Journal of transport & health · 2021Article
- Use of seat belts among public transport drivers in Tacna, Peru: Prevalence and risk factors.PloS one · 2021Article
- Disparities in Perceived Physical and Mental Wellness: Relationships Between Social Vulnerability, Cardiovascular Risk Factor Prevalence, and Health Behaviors Among Elderly US Residents.Journal of primary care & community healthArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
introductionDespite 49 states and the District of Columbia having seat belt laws that permit either primary or secondary enforcement, nearly half of persons who die in passenger vehicle crashes in the United States are unbelted. Monitoring seat belt use is important for measuring the effectiveness of strategies to increase belt use.
objectiveDocument self-reported seat belt use by state seat belt enforcement type and compare 2016 self-reported belt use with observed use and use among passenger vehicle occupant (PVO) fatalities.
methodsWe analyzed the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) self-reported seat belt use data during 2011-2016. The Pearson correlation coefficient (r) was used to compare the 2016 BRFSS state estimates with observed seat belt use from state-based surveys and with unrestrained PVO fatalities from the Fatality Analysis Reporting System.
resultsDuring 2011-2016, national self-reported seat belt use ranged from 86-88%. In 2016, national self-reported use (87%) lagged observed use (90%) by 3 percentage points. By state, the 2016 self-reported use ranged from 64% in South Dakota to 93% in California, Hawaii, and Oregon. Seat belt use averaged 7 percentage points higher in primary enforcement states (89%) than in secondary states (82%). Self-reported state estimates were strongly positively correlated with state observational estimates (r = 0.80) and strongly negatively correlated with the proportion of unrestrained PVO fatalities (r = -0.77).
conclusionNational self-reported seat belt use remained essentially stable during 2011-2016 at around 87%, but large variations existed across states. Practical Applications: If seat belt use in secondary enforcement states matched use in primary enforcement states for 2016, an additional 3.98 million adults would have been belted. Renewed attention to increasing seat belt use will be needed to reduce motor-vehicle fatalities. Self-reported and observational seat belt data complement one another and can aid in designing targeted and multifaceted interventions.
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