ArticleDiabetes2020
T-Cell Epitopes and Neo-epitopes in Type 1 Diabetes: A Comprehensive Update and Reappraisal.
Article in Diabetes, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 74 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
74 citing papers in PubMed, 105 citations in OpenAlex.
- Discovery of Post-Translationally Modified Epitopes in Autoimmunity: Someone Has to Fish so Everyone Can Eat.Immunological reviews · 2026Review
- Type 1 Diabetes Driven by Residual Recipient T Cells After Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation: A Case Report.Diabetes care · 2026Article
- Oxidative Post-Translational Modifications of Insulin in Type 1 Diabetes Autoimmunity.Immunological reviews · 2026Review
- Crinophagy in Pancreatic Beta Cells: From Insulin Granule Turnover to Diabetes Pathogenesis.Pathophysiology : the official journal of the International Society for Pathophysiology · 2026Review
- Is the NOD mouse a good model for type 1 diabetes?Diabetologia · 2026Review
- Evaluation of proinsulin(F25D) as a targeting ligand for insulin-binding B cells in autoimmune diabetes.Drug delivery and translational research · 2026Article
- Article
- T cell and autoantibody recognition of nucleus-associated islet autoantigens in individuals with type 1 diabetes.Diabetologia · 2025Article
- Type 1 Diabetes: A Guide to Autoimmune Mechanisms for Clinicians.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2025Review
- Impact of Parabacteroides distasonis colonization on host microbiome, metabolome, immunity, and diabetes onset.Journal of molecular endocrinology · 2025Article
- Review
- Pivotal epitopes for islet antigen-specific CD8Immunologic research · 2025Article
- Current and Emerging Assays for Measuring Human T-Cell Responses Against Beta-Cell Antigens in Type 1 Diabetes.Biomolecules · 2025Review
- Two DRB3 residues predictively associate with the progression to type 1 diabetes among DR3 carriers.JCI insight · 2025Article
- Antigen-specific T-cell frequency and phenotype mirrors disease activity in DRB1*04:04+ rheumatoid arthritis patients.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2025Article
- Interferon-α promotes HLA-B-restricted presentation of conventional and alternative antigens in human pancreatic β-cells.Nature communications · 2025Article
- The protective roles of eugenol on type 1 diabetes mellitus through NRF2-mediated oxidative stress pathway.eLife · 2025Article
- Identification of hub genes associated with pyroptosis in diabetic nephropathy patients using integrated bioinformatic analysis.International urology and nephrology · 2025Article
- Crinophagic granules in pancreatic β cells contribute to mouse autoimmune diabetes by diversifying pathogenic epitope repertoire.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Human insulin as both antigen and protector in type 1 diabetes.European journal of immunology · 2024Article
14 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The autoimmune disease type 1 diabetes is characterized by effector T-cell responses to pancreatic β-cell-derived peptides presented by HLA class I and class II molecules, leading ultimately to β-cell demise and insulin insufficiency. Although a given HLA molecule presents a vast array of peptides, only those recognized by T cells are designated as epitopes. Given their intimate link to etiology, the discovery and characterization of T-cell epitopes is a critical aspect of type 1 diabetes research. Understanding epitope recognition is also crucial for the pursuit of antigen-specific immunotherapies and implementation of strategies for T-cell monitoring. For these reasons, a cataloging and appraisal of the T-cell epitopes targeted in type 1 diabetes was completed over a decade ago, providing an important resource for both the research and the clinical communities. Here we present a much needed update and reappraisal of this earlier work and include online supplementary material where we cross-index each epitope with its primary references and Immune Epitope Database (IEDB) identifier. Our analysis includes a grading scale to score the degree of evidence available for each epitope, which conveys our perspective on several useful criteria for epitope evaluation. While providing an efficient summary of the arguably impressive current state of knowledge, this work also brings to light several deficiencies. These include the need for improved epitope validation, as few epitopes score highly by the criteria employed, and the dearth of investigations of the epitopes recognized in the context of several understudied type 1 diabetes-associated HLA molecules.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.