ArticleBiology of sex differences2020
Sex differences in Alzheimer's-related Tau biomarkers and a mediating effect of testosterone.
Article in Biology of sex differences, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 70 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
70 citing papers in PubMed, 95 citations in OpenAlex.
- Ageing, women's health and personalised medicine: Advancing artificial intelligence and therapeutics through the blueprint theory paradigm.Experimental physiology · 2026Article
- Tau-PET and CSF MTBR-tau243 comparisons validate increased tau aggregation in females.European journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging · 2026Article
- Peripheral and Central miRNA Signatures in Alzheimer's Disease: Tissue-Specific Variability, Sex-Associated Differences, and Implications for Blood-Based Biomarkers.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Differential vulnerability of CA1 pyramidal neuron cell types in the 5xFAD Alzheimer's disease mouse model.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Early, sex-dependent and progressive proteomic imbalance in the amygdala during Alzheimer´s disease continuum.Biology of sex differences · 2026Article
- Differences in Neurofilament Light Chain, Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein, and Tau Protein Levels in Patients with Temporal Lobe Epilepsy and Comorbid Depression.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Article
- Neuron-specific epigenetic repression ofbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Diabetes, hyperglycemia, and ATN blood biomarkers in Hispanic/Latino populations: SOL-INCA study.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Article
- A Longitudinal Investigation of Prediabetes, Diabetes, HbA1c and Cognitive Trajectories Among Cognitively Unimpaired Individuals.Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · 2026Article
- Plasmaphosphorylated tau as biomarkers for multiple sclerosis diagnosis, subtyping, and prognosis.Brain communications · 2026Article
- Association between Alzheimer's disease-related genes and neurodegenerative blood-based biomarkers in Indian adults.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2026Article
- Defining patient-centered amyloid PET thresholds for the onset of tauopathy in Alzheimer's disease.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Article
- Sex hormones in the nucleus incertus: a novel perspective on sex/gender differences in memory and mood dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2026Review
- The longitudinal association between dyslipidemia and cognitive trajectory.Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2025Article
- Sleep duration promotes resistance and resilience to tau in older women at risk for Alzheimer's disease.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025Article
- Temporal associations of neuropsychiatric symptoms, demographics and amyloid with subsequent tau burden in older adults.The journal of prevention of Alzheimer's disease · 2025Article
- Sex differences in Alzheimer's disease CSF biomarkers and their association with Aβ pathology on PET in cognitively unimpaired individuals.Alzheimer's research & therapy · 2025Article
- TSPO contributes to neuropathology and cognitive deficits in Alzheimer's disease.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2025Article
- Midlife Steroid-Binding Globulin Levels and In Vivo Neuroimaging Measures of Tau in Older Men and Women.Annals of neurology · 2025Article
- Gender Differences in the Effects of Exercise Interventions on Alzheimer's Disease.Brain sciences · 2025Review
10 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Women show greater pathological Tau biomarkers than men along the Alzheimer's disease (AD) continuum, particularly among apolipoprotein ε-E4 (APOE4) carriers; however, the reason for this sex difference in unknown. Sex differences often indicate an underlying role of sex hormones. We examined whether testosterone levels might influence this sex difference and the modifying role of APOE4 status. Analyses included 172 participants (25 cognitively normal, 97 mild cognitive impairment, 50 AD participants) from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (34% female, 54% APOE4 carriers, aged 55-90). We examined the separate and interactive effects of plasma testosterone levels and APOE4 on cerebrospinal fluid phosphorylated-tau181 (p-Tau) levels in the overall sample and the sex difference in p-Tau levels before and after adjusting for testosterone. A significant APOE4-by-testosterone interaction revealed that lower testosterone levels related to higher p-Tau levels among APOE4 carriers regardless of sex. As expected, women had higher p-Tau levels than men among APOE4 carriers only, yet this difference was eliminated upon adjustment for testosterone. Results suggest that testosterone is protective against p-Tau particularly among APOE4 carriers. The lower testosterone levels that typically characterize women may predispose them to pathological Tau, particularly among female APOE4 carriers.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.