Evidence map›Paper›PMID 32559246›Full record

ArticlePloS one2020

Applying a mixed methods design to test saturation for qualitative data in health outcomes research.

Fatoumata Fofana, Pat Bazeley, Antoine Regnault

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in PloS one, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
16citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

16 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
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  6. "Medical science educator · 2025
    Article
  7. Re-viewing the concept of saturation in qualitative research.International journal of nursing studies advances · 2025
    Review
  8. Article
  9. Integrating Fitness Training in Oncologic Care: Lessons Learned from a Large Telemedicine Trial.Archives of rehabilitation research and clinical translation · 2024
    Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. An explanatory sequential mixed-methods design to establish thresholds of within-individual meaningful change on a sleep disturbance numerical rating scale score in atopic dermatitis.Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation · 2023
    Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Fatoumata FofanaPatient-Centered Outcomes, ICON plc, Lyon, France.ORCID 0000-0003-3051-0098
Pat BazeleyWestern Sydney University, Sydney, Australia.
Antoine RegnaultModus Outcomes, Lyon, France.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Saturation, a core concept in qualitative research, suggests when data collection might end. It is reached when no new relevant information emerges with additional interviews. The aim of this research was to explore whether a mixed methods design could contribute to the demonstration of saturation. Firstly, saturation was conceptualized mathematically using set theory. Secondly, a conversion mixed design was conducted: a set of codes derived from qualitative interviews were quantitized and analyzed using partial least squares (PLS) regression to document whether saturation was reached. A qualitative study conducted by other researchers prior to this work (i.e. none of the present authors was involved in this study) was used to test saturation using PLS regression. This illustrative qualitative study aimed to investigate the impact of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) on nurses' work in the hospital and the results were published elsewhere (Guillemin et al. 2015). Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 12 nurses. Saturation was characterized by the cumulative percentage of variability accounted for by PLS factors. After 12 interviews, this percentage was 51% which suggests that saturation was achieved at least on main themes. Two main themes identifying similarities in the experience of nurses caring for patients with CDI were identified: Organization/Coordination of the working day and Time-consuming work. Although dependent on the coding of qualitative data, PLS regression of quantitized data from qualitative interviews generated useful information for the determination of saturation.

Indexed as

Models, TheoreticalAlgorithmsClostridium InfectionsData Interpretation, StatisticalHumansInfectious Disease Transmission, Patient-to-ProfessionalNursesSurveys and Questionnaires

Identifiers

PMID32559246
PMCPMC7304618

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.