ArticleBrain and behavior2020
Neural substrates underlying progressive micrographia in Parkinson's disease.
Article in Brain and behavior, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 10 citations in OpenAlex.
- Progressive micrographia in Parkinson's disease is associated with multidimensional cognitive and motor features.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2026Article
- Meta analysis of glucose metabolism across Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and ALS Reveals emergence of adaptive brain glucometabolic responses and associated neurological functional profiles.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Micrographia in Parkinson's Disease: Automatic Recognition through Artificial Intelligence.Movement disorders clinical practice · 2025Article
- Neural and dopaminergic substrates of festinating gait in Parkinson's disease.Journal of neurology · 2025Article
- A Patient with Multiple System Atrophy-Parkinsonian Type Presenting with Progressive Micrographia.Asian journal of neurosurgery · 2024Article
- Imaging the Limbic System in Parkinson's Disease-A Review of Limbic Pathology and Clinical Symptoms.Brain sciences · 2022Review
- Handwriting Declines With Human Aging: A Machine Learning Study.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2022Article
- Neural substrates underlying progressive micrographia in Parkinson's disease.Brain and behavior · 2020Article
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
introductionThe neural substrates associated with the development of micrographia remain unknown. We aimed to elucidate the neural substrates underlying micrographia in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients.
methodsForty PD patients and 20 healthy controls underwent handwriting tests that involved free writing and copying. We measured the size of each letter and the resting cerebral glucose metabolic rate of the PD patients and another group of age- and sex-matched 14 healthy controls (HCs), who had not participated in the writing tests, using resting-state 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography.
resultsIn the PD patients, the prevalence of consistent micrographia (CM) associated with free writing was 2.5% for both tasks. Alternatively, the prevalence of progressive micrographia (PM) was 15% for free writing and 17.5% for copying. In the PD patients, there was no significant difference in the letter sizes between these tasks, whereas the variability of the letter sizes for copying was significantly different from that for free writing. The means and decrements in letter sizes in either task were not significantly correlated with the severity of brady/hypokinesia in the PD patients. For free writing, the PD patients with PM showed glucose hypometabolism in the anterior part of the right middle cingulate cortex, including the rostral cingulate motor area, compared with those without PM. For copying, the PD patients with PM showed glucose hypometabolism in the right superior occipital gyrus, including V3A, compared with those without PM.
conclusionsThese findings suggest that PM in free writing in PD patients is caused by the difficulty of monitoring whether the actual handwriting movements are desirable for maintaining letter size during self-paced handwriting. By contrast, PM in copying in PD patients is evoked by a lack of visual information about the personal handwriting and hand motions that are used as cues for maintaining letter sizes.
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