ArticleAging cell2020
Individual variation of the SARS-CoV-2 receptor ACE2 gene expression and regulation.
Article in Aging cell, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 267 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
267 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 455 citations in OpenAlex.
- Genetic and Epigenetic Determinants of COVID-19 Susceptibility: A Systematic Review.Current medicinal chemistry · 2025Pooled it
- Association of the androgens with COVID-19 prognostic outcomes: a systematic review.Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique · 2023Pooled it
- Acute epiglottitis caused by COVID-19: A systematic review.Biomolecules & biomedicine · 2023Pooled it
- Single-cell analysis of adult human heart across healthy and cardiovascular disease patients reveals the cellular landscape underlying SARS-CoV-2 invasion of myocardial tissue through ACE2.Journal of translational medicine · 2023Pooled it
- ApoE4 associated with severe COVID-19 outcomes via downregulation of ACE2 and imbalanced RAS pathway.Journal of translational medicine · 2023Pooled it
- Systematic review and meta-analysis of the clinical outcomes of ACEI/ARB in East-Asian patients with COVID-19.PloS one · 2023Pooled it
- Research progress on the association between viruses and cardiac diseases.Journal of virology · 2026Review
- Exploratory Analysis of Plasma Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 and Angiotensin Peptides as Candidate Discriminatory Signals in Breast Cancer: A Pilot Case-Control Study.Biomedicines · 2026Article
- Expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, transmembrane serine protease 2, and sirtuin 1 proteins in lungs of different age groups.Jornal brasileiro de pneumologia : publicacao oficial da Sociedade Brasileira de Pneumologia e Tisilogia · 2026Article
- The Role of Immunosenescence and Inflammaging in the Susceptibility of Older Adults to SARS-CoV-2 Infection.Current pharmaceutical biotechnology · 2026Review
- Systems biology and microbiome innovations for personalized diabetic retinopathy management.NPJ systems biology and applications · 2025Review
- Goblet cells dictate viral tropism and pathogenesis in nasal and intestinal mucosae.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Sequential SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccination Induces Anti-Idiotype (Anti-ACE2) Antibodies in K18 Human ACE2 Transgenic Mice.Vaccines · 2025Article
- Neutralizing antibody test supports booster strategy for young individuals after SARS-CoV-2 Omicron breakthrough.European journal of medical research · 2025Article
- Secondary metabolites of Alternaria alternate appraisal of their SARS-CoV-2 inhibitory and anti-inflammatory potentials.PloS one · 2025Article
- Characteristics of Oral Adverse Effects following COVID-19 Vaccination and Similarities with Oral Symptoms in COVID-19 Patients: Taste and Saliva Secretory Disorders.Medical principles and practice : international journal of the Kuwait University, Health Science Centre · 2025Review
- Correlation between orthostatic intolerance in children and levels of ACE2-Ang(1-7)-Mas axis and vitamin D.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2025Article
- Risk impact of SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus and spike protein on cardiac tissue: a comprehensive review.Physiological research · 2024Review
- COVID-19 and diabetes research: Where are we now and what does the future hold? A bibliometric visualization analysis.Heliyon · 2024Article
- The beneficial potential of ginseng for menopause.Journal of ginseng research · 2024Review
207 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The COVID-19 coronavirus is now spreading worldwide. Its pathogen, SARS-CoV-2, has been shown to use angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) as its host cell receptor, same as the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) in 2003. Epidemiology studies found males although only slightly more likely to be infected than females account for the majority of the severely ill and fatality, which also bias for people older than 60 years or with metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. Here by analyzing GTEx and other public data in 30 tissues across thousands of individuals, we found a significantly higher level in Asian females, an age-dependent decrease in all ethnic groups, and a highly significant decrease in type II diabetic patients of ACE2 expression. Consistently, the most significant expression quantitative loci (eQTLs) contributing to high ACE2 expression are close to 100% in East Asians, >30% higher than other ethnic groups. A shockingly common enrichment of viral infection pathways was found among ACE2 anti-expressed genes, and multiple binding sites of virus infection related transcription factors and sex hormone receptors locate at ACE2 regulatory regions. Human and mice data analysis further revealed ACE2 expression is reduced in T2D patients and with inflammatory cytokine treatment and upregulated by estrogen and androgen (both decrease with age). Our findings revealed a negative correlation between ACE2 expression and COVID-19 fatality at both population and molecular levels. These results will be instrumental when designing potential prevention and treatment strategies for ACE2 binding coronaviruses in general.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.