ArticlePharmacoEconomics - open2021
Real-World Evidence: Bridging Gaps in Evidence to Guide Payer Decisions.
Article in PharmacoEconomics - open, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Availability of secondary healthcare data for conducting pharmacoepidemiology studies in Mexico: a systematic review.Journal of comparative effectiveness research · 2026Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Adherence to and persistence with antidiabetic medications and associations with clinical and economic outcomes in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic literature review.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2022Pooled it
- Efficacy and Safety of Ivy Leaf Dry Extract EA 575 in Cough Management: An Updated Review of Clinical Evidence.Planta medica · 2026Review
- High Patient Willingness to Grant Broad Consent for Real-World Data Use in Rheumatology-Implications for Real-World Data Platform Governance: Cross-Sectional Study.Journal of medical Internet research · 2026Article
- Use of Real-World Evidence in Health Technology Assessments of Non-Oncology Rare Disease Therapies.Journal of market access & health policy · 2026Article
- Comparative effectiveness of biologics in lung function improvement among patients with severe asthma: a real-world study.Respiratory research · 2026Article
- Value of Clinical Evidence and Health Economics and Outcomes Research (HEOR) Studies.Muscle & nerve · 2026Review
- Feasibility assessment of an EHR-integrated research platform for prospective data collection in community oncology practice.npj health systems · 2026Article
- Endoscopic sleeve gastroplastyWorld journal of gastrointestinal surgery · 2025Article
- The use of real-world evidence among healthcare payers: a scoping review.International journal of technology assessment in health care · 2025Article
- Assessing direct medical costs of children following a new prescription of ADHD medication.BMC health services research · 2025Article
- Validation of the Quality Assessment Tool for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses of Real-World Studies.Journal of evidence-based medicine · 2025Article
- Validation of an Administrative Claims-based Line of Therapy Algorithm for Women with Ovarian Cancer Using Medical Chart Review.Advances in therapy · 2025Article
- The Impact of Ivy Leaf Dry Extract EA 575 on Subsequent Antibiotic Use and Its Therapeutic Value in Children and Adolescents with the Common Cold: A Retrospective Prescription Database Analysis.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Long-Term Outcomes of Radiation Therapy for Pediatric Brain Tumors: A Single-Center Study.Cureus · 2025Article
- Article
- Comparative cost-effectiveness of sintilimab, toripalimab, and camrelizumab in first-line therapy for advanced non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Proceedings from the First Onco Summit: LATAM Chapter, 19-20 May 2023, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.Cancers · 2024Article
- Use of Healthcare Claims Data to Generate Real-World Evidence on Patients With Drug-Resistant Epilepsy: Practical Considerations for Research.Journal of health economics and outcomes research · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are preferred by payers for health technology assessments and coverage decisions. However, the inclusion of a highly selective patient population and the rigorously controlled conditions in RCTs may not be reflective of real-world clinical practice. Real-world evidence (RWE) obtained from an analysis of real-world data (RWD) from observational studies can bridge gaps in evidence not addressed by RCTs and is thus valuable to public and private payers for decision-making. Through a broad literature search to obtain insights into payers' experience, we found that payers have concerns about real-world studies with respect to data quality, poor internal validity, potential bias, and lack of meaningful endpoints. However, they valued RWE to fill evidence gaps not addressed by RCTs, such as high-quality, real-world, long-term effectiveness and safety data; head-to-head drug comparisons; cost analyses for tiering formulary placement; medication use and adherence patterns; identification of relevant responder and non-responder patient subpopulations; and patient-reported outcomes (PROs). RWE can be used to assess clinically meaningful endpoints and gauge the impact of interventions on the quality of healthcare. Here, we review how payers use or can use RWD on the comparative effectiveness and safety of treatments, PROs, medication adherence and persistence, prescribing patterns, healthcare resource utilization, and patient characteristics and/or biomarkers associated with treatment response when making health technology assessments and payer coverage decisions across therapeutic areas.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.