ReviewInternational journal of hematology2020
The human spleen as the center of the blood defense system.
Review in International journal of hematology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 54 citations in OpenAlex.
- Tumor-Induced Splenic Remodeling: Mechanisms of Systemic Immunosuppression and Emerging Therapeutic Opportunities.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- A Muribaculaceae-enriched microbiota exacerbates TLR4-dependent Acinetobacter baumannii-induced hyperinflammatory sepsis.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Evaluating functional hyposplenism in pediatric hodgkin lymphoma: the role of marginal zone b cells post-radiotherapy.BMC cancer · 2026Article
- Cocaine abuse and its impact on the thymus and spleen.Histology and histopathology · 2025Review
- Emerging strategies against accelerated blood clearance phenomenon of nanocarrier drug delivery systems.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2025Review
- Targeted spleen modulation: a novel strategy for next-generation disease immunotherapy.Theranostics · 2025Review
- An overview of hereditary spherocytosis and the curative effects of splenectomy.Frontiers in physiology · 2025Review
- Development of a non-invasive diagnostic model for high-risk esophageal varices based on radiomics of spleen CT.Abdominal radiology (New York) · 2024Article
- Article
- Photoimmunotherapy using indocyanine green-loaded Codium fragile polysaccharide and chitosan nanoparticles suppresses tumor growth and metastasis.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2024Article
- Non-O1/Non-O139Microorganisms · 2024Review
- The spleen is the graveyard of CD4+ cells in patients with immunological failure of visceral leishmaniasis and AIDS.Parasites & vectors · 2024Article
- Dynamic encounters with red blood cells trigger splenic marginal zone B cell retention and function.Nature immunology · 2024Article
- The mechanisms underlying alcohol-induced decreased splenic size: A network meta-analysis study.Alcohol, clinical & experimental research · 2024Article
- Dietary Artemisia Ordosica Polysaccharide Enhances Spleen and Intestinal Immune Response of Broiler Chickens.Biology · 2023Article
- Protective Immunity againstInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Relationship of FDG Uptake of the Reticuloendothelial System with Tumor Immune Microenvironment and Prognosis in Patients with Gastric Cancer.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Absence of Nkx2-3 induces ectopic lymphatic endothelial differentiation associated with impaired extramedullary stress hematopoiesis in the spleen.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2023Article
- B cells in human lymphoid structures.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2022Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Blood-borne infections can develop into sepsis and are therefore a major human health risk. The responsible pathogens thus need to be eliminated rapidly. Intravascular macrophages in the liver and bone marrow (BM) sinuses, and in the red pulp and marginal zone of the spleen, remove the majority of these microorganisms via innate immunity. However, specific antibodies are essential for their complete elimination. Splenic marginal zone B cells simultaneously produce many of the IgM and IgG2 antibodies that target blood-borne pathogens within a few days of infection. Subsequently, follicular B cells of the white pulp of the spleen produce specific IgG antibodies against the invading pathogens, known as adaptive immunity. Although the liver, BM, and spleen work together to activate the defense response to blood-borne pathogens through innate and adaptive immunity, the spleen acts as the center of the blood defense system (BDS). The structure of the spleen is introduced in this review in relation to its function in the BDS as part of the response of the immune system and of functioning organs to blood-borne pathogens. The concept of a BDS is also important for hematological disorders, such as lymphomas and; therefore, may be useful to hematologists and pathologists.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.