ReviewLa Radiologia medica2021
Bone marrow magnetic resonance imaging: physiologic and pathologic findings that radiologist should know.
Review in La Radiologia medica, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- [Metabolism and bone marrow : Imaging of physiological and pathological processes].Radiologie (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- Feasibility of multi-energy CT and fat fraction MRI for characterizing active bone marrow response to pelvic external beam radiation therapy.Journal of applied clinical medical physics · 2026Article
- Benefits and Limitations Associated with the Use of Alternative Biological Matrices in Forensic Toxicology, as Well as Genetic Markers of Poisoning and Psychoactive Substance Abuse.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- State-of-the-art and future developments in dosimetry for SSTR- and PSMA-targeting radioligand therapies.Zeitschrift fur medizinische Physik · 2026Review
- Article
- Research hotspots and trends of pediatric bone age: A bibliometric and visualization analysis.Lasers in medical science · 2025Article
- Leveraging dixon-based magnetic resonance imaging for pelvic bone marrow imaging in radiotherapy.Physics and imaging in radiation oncology · 2025Article
- Quantitative MRI Dixon signal drop and fat fraction for differentiating bone marrow lesions: a two-center prospective analysis.European radiology experimental · 2025Article
- How I Do It: MRI of the Bone with Marrow-specific Sequences.Radiology · 2025Review
- Whole-Body Magnetic Resonance Neurography-Technique, Current Perspectives, and Future Directions.Magnetic resonance imaging clinics of North America · 2025Review
- Role of vertebral fat fraction and R2* based on fat analysis and calculation technique in the quantitative assessment of osteoporosis.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2025Article
- Multiple myeloma segmentation net (MMNet): an encoder-decoder-based deep multiscale feature fusion model for multiple myeloma segmentation in magnetic resonance imaging.Quantitative imaging in medicine and surgery · 2024Article
- [MR Imaging Features of Pediatric Bone Marrow].Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology · 2024Review
- Bone Marrow Adipose Tissue.Cells · 2024Review
- Correlation of R2* with fat fraction and bone mineral density and its role in quantitative assessment of osteoporosis.European radiology · 2023Article
- Imaging of metabolic and overload disorders in tissues and organs.Japanese journal of radiology · 2023Review
- Imaging of bone marrow pitfalls with emphasis on MRI.The British journal of radiology · 2023Review
- Advantages of digital technology in the assessment of bone marrow involvement in Gaucher's disease.Frontiers in medicine · 2023Article
- Quantitative Dixon and intravoxel incoherent motion diffusion magnetic resonance imaging parameters in lumbar vertebrae for differentiating aplastic anemia and acute myeloid leukemia.Frontiers in oncology · 2023Article
- FDG PET-MRI evaluation of synchronous gallbladder adenocarcinoma and POEMS syndrome.Radiology case reports · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) plays a leading role in the non-invasive evaluation of bone marrow (BM). Normal BM pattern depends on the ratio and distribution of yellow and red marrow, which are subject to changes with age, pathologies, and treatments. Neonates show almost entirely red marrow. Over time, yellow marrow conversion takes place with a characteristic sequence leading to a red marrow persistence in proximal metaphyses of long bones. In adults, normal BM is composed of both red (40% water, 40% fat) and yellow marrow (15% water, 80% fat). Due to the higher content of fat, yellow marrow normally appears hyperintense on T1-weighted (T1w) fast spin echo (FSE) sequences and hypo-/iso-intense in short tau inversion recovery (STIR) T2-weighted (T2w); red marrow appears slightly hyperintense in T1w FSE and hyper-/iso-intense in STIR T2w. Pathologic BM has reduced fat and increased water percentages, resulting hypointense in T1w FSE and hyperintense in STIR T2w. In oncologic patients, BM MRI signal largely depends on the treatment (irradiation and/or chemotherapy) and its timing. BM fat and water amount and location in normal red/yellow and pathologic marrow are responsible for different signals in MRI sequences whose knowledge by radiologists may help to differentiate between normal and pathologic findings. Our aim was to discuss and illustrate the MRI of BM physiologic conversion and pathologic reconversion occurring in malignancies and after treatments in cancer patients.
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