Evidence map›Paper›PMID 32556425›Full record

ArticleSocial psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology2021

Resilience to mental health problems and the role of deployment status among U.S. Army Reserve and National Guard Soldiers.

Rachel A Hoopsick, D Lynn Homish, R Lorraine Collins, Thomas H Nochajski, Jennifer P Read, Paul T Bartone, Gregory G Homish

Open access · greenAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
10citing papers in PubMed
0.8field-weighted citation impact, top 17% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

10 citing papers in PubMed, 20 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Mental health and self-compassion in military couples during wartime.Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy · 2026
    Article
  3. Negative non-deployment emotions, substance use, and marital satisfaction among never-deployed military couples.Military psychology : the official journal of the Division of Military Psychology, American Psychological Association · 2026
    Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Rachel A HoopsickDepartment of Family Medicine, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, 3435 Main Street, 335 Kimball Tower, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA. rachelh@buffalo.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5992-9007
D Lynn HomishDepartment of Community Health and Health Behavior, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1658-1482
R Lorraine CollinsDepartment of Community Health and Health Behavior, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA.
Thomas H NochajskiSchool of Social Work, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA.
Jennifer P ReadDepartment of Psychology, College of Arts and Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA.
Paul T BartoneCenter for Technology and National Security Policy, Institute for National Strategic Studies, National Defense University, Washington, DC, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5767-0086
Gregory G HomishDepartment of Community Health and Health Behavior, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2601-3283
University at Buffalo, State University of New York · USNational Defense University · US

Funding

University of Buffalo Clinical and Translational Science Institute - Supplement SchulyerUL1TR001412 · NCATS · STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK AT BUFFALO · PI MURPHY, TIMOTHY F · 2015 to 2024
$33.8M
Substance Use in Reservists: Social and Environmental InfluencesR01DA034072 · NIDA · STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK AT BUFFALO · PI HOMISH, GREGORY G. · 2013 to 2022
$5.0M
HRSA HHS T32HP30035NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR001412NCATS NIH HHS UL1TR001412NIDA NIH HHS R01 DA034072NIDA NIH HHS R01DA034072
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeResearch suggests that interpersonal and intrapersonal resiliency factors protect against poor post-deployment mental health outcomes among Reserve/Guard soldiers who have been deployed. There is increasing awareness that never-deployed soldiers are also at risk. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between resiliency factors and a range of mental health outcomes among a sample of United States Army Reserve and National Guard (USAR/NG) soldiers who have and have not experienced deployment.

methodsA subset of data was drawn from Operation: SAFETY (N = 360), an ongoing study examining the health and well-being of USAR/NG soldiers. We used a multivariate path analysis approach to examine the simultaneous effects of unit support, marital satisfaction, and psychological hardiness on the following mental health outcomes, concurrently: anger, anxiety, depression, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptomatology. We also examined interaction effects between resiliency factors and deployment status on mental health outcomes.

resultsGreater unit support (ps < 0.01), marital satisfaction (ps < 0.001), and psychological hardiness (ps < 0.001) were associated with less anger, anxiety, depression, and PTSD symptomatology. Psychological hardiness had significant interactions with deployment status on anxiety, depression, and PTSD, such that the protective effects of psychological hardiness were even stronger among never-deployed soldiers than previously deployed solders.

conclusionResiliency factors can be targeted for intervention to prevent poor mental health outcomes among USAR/NG soldiers, regardless of deployment status. Further, psychological hardiness may be an even more important protective factor among soldiers who have never been deployed.

Indexed as

Military PersonnelResilience, PsychologicalStress Disorders, Post-TraumaticAnxiety DisordersHumansMental HealthUnited StatesMarital satisfactionMental healthMilitaryPsychological hardinessUnit support

Identifiers

PMID32556425
PMCPMC7746625
OpenAlexW3036588083

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.