Evidence map›Paper›PMID 32556213›Full record

ArticleJournal of public health (Oxford, England)2020

Greater risk of severe COVID-19 in Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic populations is not explained by cardiometabolic, socioeconomic or behavioural factors, or by 25(OH)-vitamin D status: study of 1326 cases from the UK Biobank.

Zahra Raisi-Estabragh, Celeste McCracken, Mae S Bethell, Jackie Cooper, Cyrus Cooper, Mark J Caulfield, Patricia B Munroe, Nicholas C Harvey, Steffen E Petersen

Open access · hybridAbstract readComparative Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of public health (Oxford, England), 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 188 papers, 15 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
188citing papers in PubMed, 15 pooled it
7.8field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

188 citing papers in PubMed, 15 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 333 citations in OpenAlex.

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  5. Vitamin D Deficiency and Comorbidities as Risk Factors of COVID-19 Infection: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Journal of preventive medicine and public health = Yebang Uihakhoe chi · 2022
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  12. Low vitamin D status is associated with coronavirus disease 2019 outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases · 2021
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128 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.

Zahra Raisi-EstabraghWilliam Harvey Research Institute, NIHR Barts Biomedical Research Centre, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
Celeste McCrackenWilliam Harvey Research Institute, NIHR Barts Biomedical Research Centre, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
Mae S BethellNorth West Anglia NHS Foundation Trust, Hinchingbrooke Hospital, Huntingdon, UK.
Jackie CooperWilliam Harvey Research Institute, NIHR Barts Biomedical Research Centre, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
Cyrus CooperMRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
Mark J CaulfieldWilliam Harvey Research Institute, NIHR Barts Biomedical Research Centre, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
Patricia B MunroeWilliam Harvey Research Institute, NIHR Barts Biomedical Research Centre, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
Nicholas C HarveyMRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
Steffen E PetersenWilliam Harvey Research Institute, NIHR Barts Biomedical Research Centre, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
Queen Mary University of London · GBSt Bartholomew's Hospital · GBUniversity Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust · GBHinchingbrooke Hospital · GB

Funding

Medical Research Council G0400491Medical Research Council MC_UP_A620_1015Medical Research Council MC_UU_12011/1Medical Research Council MC_UU_12011/2
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundWe examined whether the greater severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) amongst men and Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic (BAME) individuals is explained by cardiometabolic, socio-economic or behavioural factors.

methodsWe studied 4510 UK Biobank participants tested for COVID-19 (positive, n = 1326). Multivariate logistic regression models including age, sex and ethnicity were used to test whether addition of (1) cardiometabolic factors [diabetes, hypertension, high cholesterol, prior myocardial infarction, smoking and body mass index (BMI)]; (2) 25(OH)-vitamin D; (3) poor diet; (4) Townsend deprivation score; (5) housing (home type, overcrowding) or (6) behavioural factors (sociability, risk taking) attenuated sex/ethnicity associations with COVID-19 status.

resultsThere was over-representation of men and BAME ethnicities in the COVID-19 positive group. BAME individuals had, on average, poorer cardiometabolic profile, lower 25(OH)-vitamin D, greater material deprivation, and were more likely to live in larger households and in flats/apartments. Male sex, BAME ethnicity, higher BMI, higher Townsend deprivation score and household overcrowding were independently associated with significantly greater odds of COVID-19. The pattern of association was consistent for men and women; cardiometabolic, socio-demographic and behavioural factors did not attenuate sex/ethnicity associations.

conclusionsIn this study, sex and ethnicity differential pattern of COVID-19 was not adequately explained by variations in cardiometabolic factors, 25(OH)-vitamin D levels or socio-economic factors. Factors which underlie ethnic differences in COVID-19 may not be easily captured, and so investigation of alternative biological and genetic susceptibilities as well as more comprehensive assessment of the complex economic, social and behavioural differences should be prioritised.

Indexed as

Asian PeopleBlack PeopleCoronavirus InfectionsEthnicityMinority GroupsPneumonia, ViralPopulation SurveillanceWhite PeopleAdultAgedBetacoronavirusBody Mass IndexCardiovascular DiseasesCOVID-19FemaleHumanscommunicable diseasesepidemiologypublic health

Identifiers

PMID32556213
PMCPMC7449237
OpenAlexW3036806031

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.