ArticleNicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco2021
Predictive Power of Dependence Measures for Quitting Smoking. Findings From the 2016 to 2018 ITC Four Country Smoking and Vaping Surveys.
Article in Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Do lab-based assessments of pretreatment smoking reinforcement and cue-specific craving predict smoking cessation with varenicline?Psychology of addictive behaviors : journal of the Society of Psychologists in Addictive Behaviors · 2025Trial
- Acceptance and Commitment Therapy-Based Smartphone Applications for Cessation of Tobacco Use among Adults with High Nicotine Dependence: Results from the iCanQuit Randomized Trial.Substance use & misuse · 2023Trial
- Does Self-Reported smoking cessation fatigue predict making quit attempts and sustained abstinence among adults who smoke Regularly?Addictive behaviors · 2025Article
- Does perceived vaping addiction predict subsequent vaping cessation behaviour among adults who use nicotine vaping products regularly?Addictive behaviors · 2025Article
- Estimating dynamic treatment regimes for ordinal outcomes with household interference: Application in household smoking cessation.Statistical methods in medical research · 2024Article
- Age-Related Interactions on Key Theoretical Determinants of Smoking Cessation: Findings from the ITC Four Country Smoking and Vaping Surveys (2016-2020).Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2022Article
- The Predictive Utility of Valuing the Future for Smoking Cessation: Findings from the ITC 4 Country Surveys.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Age as a predictor of quit attempts and quit success in smoking cessation: findings from the International Tobacco Control Four-Country survey (2002-14).Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 6 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
introductionTo test whether urges to smoke and perceived addiction to smoking have independent predictive value for quit attempts and short-term quit success over and above the Heaviness of Smoking Index (HSI). AIMS AND
methodsData were from the International Tobacco Control Four Country Smoking and Vaping Wave 1 (2016) and Wave 2 (2018) surveys. About 3661 daily smokers (daily vapers excluded) provided data in both waves. A series of multivariable logistic regression models assessed the association of each dependence measure on odds of making a quit attempt and at least 1-month smoking abstinence.
resultsOf the 3661 participants, 1594 (43.5%) reported a quit attempt. Of those who reported a quit attempt, 546 (34.9%) reported short-term quit success. Fully adjusted models showed that making quit attempts was associated with lower HSI (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 0.81, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.73 to 0.90, p < .001), stronger urges to smoke (aOR = 1.08, 95% CI = 1.04 to 1.20, p = .002), and higher perceived addiction to smoking (aOR = 0.52, 95% CI = 0.32 to 0.84, p = .008). Lower HSI (aOR = 0.57, 95% CI = 0.40 to 0.87, p < .001), weaker urges to smoke (aOR = 0.85, 95% CI = 0.76 to 0.95, p = .006), and lower perceived addiction to smoking (aOR = 0.55, 95% CI = 0.32 to 0.91, p = .021) were associated with greater odds of short-term quit success. In both cases, overall R2 was around 0.5.
conclusionsThe two additional dependence measures were complementary to HSI adding explanatory power to smoking cessation models, but variance explained remains small. IMPLICATIONS: Strength of urges to smoke and perceived addiction to smoking may significantly improve prediction of cessation attempts and short-term quit success over and above routinely assessed demographic variables and the HSI. Stratification of analyses by age group is recommended because the relationship between dependence measures and outcomes differs significantly for younger (aged 18-39) compared to older (aged older than 40) participants. Even with the addition of these extra measures of dependence, the overall variance explained in predicting smoking cessation outcomes remains very low. These measures can only be thought of as assessing some aspects of dependence. Current understanding of the factors that ultimately determine quit success remains limited.
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Registered trials
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