ArticleEuropean journal of public health2020
Individual and regional determinants of long-term care expenditure in Japan: evidence from national long-term care claims.
Article in European journal of public health, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
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14 citing papers in PubMed.
- Evaluating the Zero-Markup Drug Policy's Effects on Financial Burden and Pharmaceutical Channel Migration: A Structural Variation and Interrupted Time Series Analysis from Hubei, China.Journal of healthcare leadership · 2026Article
- Smoking as an independent predictor of long term care certification: The Yamagata cohort study.Tobacco induced diseases · 2026Article
- Improving healthcare efficiency through long-term care insurance (LTCI): a super-SBM and DID analysis of 291 Chinese cities.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- The association of agricultural and non-agricultural work on the healthy ageing of older adults in Japan: A 6-year longitudinal study from the Japan Gerontological evaluation study.Preventive medicine reports · 2025Article
- Assessing the long-term care (LTC) service needs of older adults based on time-driven activity-based costing (TDABC)-a cross-sectional survey in central China.BMC nursing · 2024Article
- The distribution structure of medical and care resources based on regional characteristics throughout Japan in 2020.BMC health services research · 2024Article
- Article
- Regional variation in long-term care spending in Japan.BMC public health · 2022Article
- Development of a predictive model using the Kihon Checklist for older adults at risk of needing long-term care based on cohort data of 19 months.Geriatrics & gerontology international · 2022Article
- The residential healthcare for the elderly in Italy: some considerations for post-COVID-19 policies.The European journal of health economics : HEPAC : health economics in prevention and care · 2022Article
- Regional Variation in National Healthcare Expenditure and Health System Performance in Central Cities and Suburbs in Japan.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Total care expenditures and their drivers among older adults: A study on health and long-term care expenditures in South Korea.BMC health services research · 2022Article
- Care needs level in long-term care insurance system and family caregivers' self-perceived time-dependent burden in patients with home palliative care for cancer: a cross-sectional study.Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer · 2022Article
- The use of Japanese long-term care insurance claims in health services research: current status and perspectives.Global health & medicine · 2021Review
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6 authors.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundJapan, with the oldest population in the world, faces a financial challenge caused by rising long-term care (LTC) expenditure. For policymakers to address this, it is important that we have a better understanding of how individual and regional characteristics affect LTC expenditure.
methodsWe linked national LTC insurance (LTCI) claim data, covering the entire population who used LTCI services in Japan, with municipality data on an individual level. Individuals 65 years and older (n=3 876 068) who had used LTCI benefits at least once in the fiscal year (FY) 2016 were included. We examined the associations of individual and municipality characteristics regarding supply and demand of healthcare with the LTC expenditures on facility care, home and community care, and total care (the sum of both types of care), after adjusting for regional differences in LTC extra charges.
resultsThe following variables were associated with higher total expenditure; at the individual level: female, a higher care-need level, a lower income (0% co-payments) or a facility service user; at the municipality level: municipalities locating in metropolitan areas, with a higher proportion of single elderly households, more doctors per 1000 citizens, more nursing homes per 100 000 LTC benefit users or more outpatient medical spending per citizen ≥75 years old.
conclusionsAs we are able to identify several individual and municipality characteristics associated with higher LTC expenditure in Japan, the study offers insights into dealing with the rapidly growing LTC expenditure.
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