ArticlePLoS medicine2020
The association between long-term exposure to low-level PM2.5 and mortality in the state of Queensland, Australia: A modelling study with the difference-in-differences approach.
Article in PLoS medicine, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 43 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
43 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Impacts from air pollution on respiratory disease outcomes: a meta-analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2024Pooled it
- Long-term exposure to nitrogen dioxide and mortality: A systematic review and meta-analysis.The Science of the total environment · 2021Pooled it
- Breathing in harm: current insights into the effects of air pollution on cardiorespiratory health.Medical gas research · 2027Review
- A Geospatial Linkage Analysis of Environmental Exposures, Socioeconomic Profile and Health Outcomes Among Women of Reproductive Age in Victoria, Australia.Health promotion journal of Australia : official journal of Australian Association of Health Promotion Professionals · 2026Article
- Estimation of mortality and economic burden attributable to ground-level OBMC public health · 2026Article
- Wildfire smoke PMScience advances · 2026Article
- Estimating the global burden of infant mortality attributable to ambient particulate pollution: Analysis using a nonlinear exposure-response function that combines multinational linear effect estimates.Innovation (Cambridge (Mass.)) · 2025Article
- Occupational Exposure to Ambient Air Pollution: At-Risk Worker Groups, Regulatory and Research Needs An Official American Thoracic Society Workshop Report.Annals of the American Thoracic Society · 2025Article
- Are mortality rates similar between jobs in the Queensland coal mine workers' cohort?BMC public health · 2025Article
- Low-level PM 2.5 Exposure, Cardiovascular and Nonaccidental Mortality, and Related Health Disparities in 12 US States.Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2025Article
- Potential causal links of long-term PMSustainable cities and society · 2025Article
- GEVResearch (Washington, D.C.) · 2025Article
- Individual and joint exposures to PMScience China. Life sciences · 2024Article
- Assessing long-term effects of gaseous air pollution exposure on mortality in the United States using a variant of difference-in-differences analysis.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Mortality burden attributable to exceptional PMHeliyon · 2024Article
- Wood heater smoke and mortality in the Australian Capital Territory: a rapid health impact assessment.The Medical journal of Australia · 2024Article
- Promotion of myofibroblast differentiation through repeated treatment of fibroblasts to low concentrations of PMEnvironmental toxicology and pharmacology · 2024Article
- Determining the Impact of Heatwaves on Emergency Ambulance Calls in Queensland: A Retrospective Population-Based Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- Review
- PMEnvironmental geochemistry and health · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundTo date, few studies have investigated the causal relationship between mortality and long-term exposure to a low level of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) concentrations. METHODS AND
findingsWe studied 242,320 registered deaths in Queensland between January 1, 1998, and December 31, 2013, with satellite-retrieved annual average PM2.5 concentrations to each postcode. A variant of difference-in-differences (DID) approach was used to investigate the association of long-term PM2.5 exposure with total mortality and cause-specific (cardiovascular, respiratory, and non-accidental) mortality. We observed 217,510 non-accidental deaths, 133,661 cardiovascular deaths, and 30,748 respiratory deaths in Queensland during the study period. The annual average PM2.5 concentrations ranged from 1.6 to 9.0 μg/m3, which were well below the current World Health Organization (WHO) annual standard (10 μg/m3). Long-term exposure to PM2.5 was associated with increased total mortality and cause-specific mortality. For each 1 μg/m3 increase in annual PM2.5, we found a 2.02% (95% CI 1.41%-2.63%; p < 0.01) increase in total mortality. Higher effect estimates were observed in Brisbane than those in Queensland for all types of mortality. A major limitation of our study is that the DID design is under the assumption that no predictors other than seasonal temperature exhibit different spatial-temporal variations in relation to PM2.5 exposure. However, if this assumption is violated (e.g., socioeconomic status [SES] and outdoor physical activities), the DID design is still subject to confounding.
conclusionsLong-term exposure to PM2.5 was associated with total, non-accidental, cardiovascular, and respiratory mortality in Queensland, Australia, where PM2.5 levels were measured well below the WHO air quality standard.
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