ReviewNeuron2020
The Bidirectional Relationship of Depression and Inflammation: Double Trouble.
Review in Neuron, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07684911 (Longitudinal Study on the Sustainability of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Protocols - Biomarkers), which is not on this map. Cited by 1,109 papers, 8 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Longitudinal Study on the Sustainability of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Protocols - Biomarkers
Who cites it
1,109 citing papers in PubMed, 8 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 1,998 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mitochondrial-inflammation crosstalk in major depressive disorder: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic implications.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Pooled it
- Prevalence and Predictors of Depressive Symptom Trajectories in Older Adults: A Systematic Review.Brain and behavior · 2026Pooled it
- Inflammation as a mediating pathway between social defeat and mental health in humans: A systematic review.Translational psychiatry · 2026Pooled it
- Systems-level transcriptomic analysis reveals synapse-related gene dysregulation in peripheral leukocytes of MDD patients.Scientific reports · 2026Pooled it
- Neurobiological effects of microbial treatments within psychiatry: a systematic review.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Pooled it
- Immunological landscape of nanotechnology-based depression research: a bibliometric analysis of neuroinflammation and immune modulation.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Pooled it
- Effects of exercise training on depression, anxiety, and physical health-related quality of life in end-stage renal disease patients receiving maintenance hemodialysis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Frontiers in public health · 2026Pooled it
- Anti-inflammatory diets and mental health: a scoping review of randomized controlled trials and systematic evidence syntheses.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Pooled it
- Peripheral miRNA profiling identifies therapy-specific biological trajectories in the treatment of cognitive dysfunction in depression: an exploratory mechanistic study.Scientific reports · 2026Trial
- Does inflammation moderate the effect of vitamin D supplementation on depressive symptoms? Results of an interventional study in children and adolescents.European journal of nutrition · 2026Trial
- Protocol of the randomized double blind sham controlled AddVNS study of transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation mechanisms in depression.Scientific reports · 2026Trial
- Evaluating context effects on PHQ-8 somatic item scores among people with a chronic medical condition: a scleroderma patient-centred intervention network randomised experiment.Epidemiology and psychiatric sciences · 2026Trial
- High Dose Vitamin B6 Reduces Depression Symptoms.Depression and anxiety · 2026Trial
- Circadian rhythms in major depressive disorder: mechanistic insights and therapeutic frontiers.Annals of medicine · 2026Review
- Immune-related biomarkers for major depressive disorder identified via integrated bioinformatics and machine learning.European journal of psychotraumatology · 2026Review
- Review
- Immune-related gene expression links anxiety, depression, and pain outcomes in adolescence.Communications medicine · 2026Article
- Compound Ciwujia Granules Attenuate Stress-Induced Anxiety- and Depression-Like Behaviors via Inhibition of TNF-α-Associated Neuroinflammation in the dmPFC.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2026Article
- Depression in chronic kidney disease and dialysis: A psychonephrology narrative review.World journal of nephrology · 2026Review
- Associations of Brain Structure and Neuropsychological Function With Artificial Intelligence Estimates of Biological Vascular Age.Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology · 2026Article
1,049 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Depression represents the number one cause of disability worldwide and is often fatal. Inflammatory processes have been implicated in the pathophysiology of depression. It is now well established that dysregulation of both the innate and adaptive immune systems occur in depressed patients and hinder favorable prognosis, including antidepressant responses. In this review, we describe how the immune system regulates mood and the potential causes of the dysregulated inflammatory responses in depressed patients. However, the proportion of never-treated major depressive disorder (MDD) patients who exhibit inflammation remains to be clarified, as the heterogeneity in inflammation findings may stem in part from examining MDD patients with varied interventions. Inflammation is likely a critical disease modifier, promoting susceptibility to depression. Controlling inflammation might provide an overall therapeutic benefit, regardless of whether it is secondary to early life trauma, a more acute stress response, microbiome alterations, a genetic diathesis, or a combination of these and other factors.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.