ArticleAnnals of cardiothoracic surgery2020
Long-term outcomes of the frozen elephant trunk procedure: a systematic review.
Article in Annals of cardiothoracic surgery, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers.
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Who cites it
39 citing papers in PubMed, 63 citations in OpenAlex.
- Clinical outcomes of hybrid surgery in the treatment of aortic arch disease: a retrospective study.Journal of thoracic disease · 2026Article
- Distal Anastomotic New Entries After Type A Aortic Dissection Repair: An Underreported and Underappreciated Risk?Annals of thoracic surgery short reports · 2026Article
- Hemocompatibility and cytotoxicity evaluation of additively manufactured and surface-treated 316 L stainless steel aortic stents using laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF).Journal of materials science. Materials in medicine · 2026Article
- Frozen elephant trunk: a narrative review of global and temporal trends.Journal of thoracic disease · 2026Review
- Computational fluid dynamics analysis for enlargement of the descending aorta after frozen elephant trunk implantation.Journal of cardiothoracic surgery · 2026Article
- Impact of the frozen elephant trunk technique in operation for acute type A aortic dissection: from the Japan cardiovascular surgery database.General thoracic and cardiovascular surgery · 2026Article
- Mid-to-long-term outcomes of the frozen elephant trunk procedure in aortic pathology: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Annals of cardiothoracic surgery · 2025Article
- Thromboelastography and interleukin-6 predict postoperative negative remodeling of descending aorta in patients with type A aortic dissection.Journal of thoracic disease · 2025Article
- The Chinese experience with frozen elephant trunk: contemporary institutional outcomes of the Sun procedure.Annals of cardiothoracic surgery · 2025Article
- Complexity in aortic arch surgery and laws of diminishing return.Journal of thoracic disease · 2025Article
- Extra-anatomic left subclavian artery bypass patency in frozen elephant trunk surgery.JTCVS techniques · 2025Article
- Article
- Comparison between Zone 2 and Zone 3 distal anastomoses for aortic arch replacement in terms of invasiveness.General thoracic and cardiovascular surgery · 2025Article
- Advances in aortic surgery.The British journal of cardiology · 2025Article
- Interventional closure of artificial vascular anastomotic fistula after aortic replacement: a case report.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2025Article
- Preliminary and Intermediate-Term Results of the Novel Modification of Frozen Elephant Trunk: A Single-Center Study.Annals of vascular diseases · 2024Article
- Long-Term Outcomes of Endovascular Repair of Thoracic Aortic Aneurysms.The International journal of angiology : official publication of the International College of Angiology, Inc · 2024Review
- [MEP-15] Arch Replacement in An Elderly Patient With Multiple Comorbidities.Turk gogus kalp damar cerrahisi dergisi · 2024Article
- Long-term outcomes of frozen elephant trunk for aortic dissection: a single-center experience.Journal of cardiothoracic surgery · 2024Article
- Surgical Strategies in Reoperation of the Proximal Aorta and Arch for Patients with Previous Frozen Elephant Trunk.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe frozen elephant trunk (FET) procedure remains an increasingly popular approach to address complex multi-segmental aortic pathologies, owing to their ability to promote false lumen thrombosis and reduce the need for second-stage operations. While the short-term outcomes of such procedures have been shown to be acceptable, much less is known regarding long-term outcomes. This systematic review evaluates long-term outcomes of the FET procedure.
methodsStudies with at least 12 months follow-up data on FETs were identified in four electronic databases. All studies were reviewed by two independent researchers and relevant data extracted. Long-term outcomes, including overall survival, freedom from reintervention, and freedom from aortic events, were evaluated using patient data recreated from digitized Kaplan-Meier curves.
resultsThirty-seven studies with 4,178 patients were identified. The majority of the studies focused solely on acute dissections. Average follow-up was 3.2 years. Overall survival at 1-, 3-, and 5-year was 89.6%, 85.2%, and 82.0%, respectively. Freedom from reintervention at the same timepoints were 93.9%, 89.3%, and 86.8%, respectively. Mortality, permanent neurological deficit and spinal cord injury were 10.2%, 7.7%, and 6.5%, respectively.
conclusionsSurvival after the FET procedure is favorable, though ongoing close serial monitoring is essential to assess for the need for further reintervention. Larger multi-institutional registries are required to provide more robust evidence to better elucidate the patient cohort that would most benefit from the FET.
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