ReviewFrontiers in immunology2020
Adjuvant Effect of Toll-Like Receptor 9 Activation on Cancer Immunotherapy Using Checkpoint Blockade.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 42 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
42 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 68 citations in OpenAlex.
- Integration of healthy volunteers in early phase clinical trials with immuno-oncological compounds.Frontiers in oncology · 2022Pooled it
- Intralesional injection of CpG ODNs complexed with glatiramer acetate mitigates systemic cytokine toxicities and synergistically advances checkpoint blockade efficacy.Drug delivery and translational research · 2026Article
- Nanostructured branched Y-DNA promotes antitumor immunity through dual activation of cGAS/STING and TLR9.Archives of pharmacal research · 2026Article
- Application of bacteriophages in the prevention and control of bacterial infectious diseases in animals.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Review
- Intravenous administration of CpG7909 lipoplex enhances anti-PD1 immunotherapy by modulating the tumor microenvironment and inducing durable tumor regression.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- A Synergistic 3D-Printed Collar Transforms Radiofrequency Ablation Into Potent Thermal Immunotherapy for Lung Cancer.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2025Article
- Overcoming Immune Therapy Resistance in Cancer Through Innate Immune Reprogramming.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Nanofilament immunotherapy induces potent antitumor vaccine responses.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2025Article
- Article
- Multidimensional applications of prussian blue-based nanoparticles in cancer immunotherapy.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2025Review
- Article
- Targeting Dectin-1 and or VISTA enhances anti-tumor immunity in melanoma but not colorectal cancer model.Cellular oncology (Dordrecht, Netherlands) · 2024Article
- Novel prophylactic and therapeutic multi-epitope vaccine based on Ag85A, Ag85B, ESAT-6, and CFP-10 of Mycobacterium tuberculosis using an immunoinformatics approach.Osong public health and research perspectives · 2024Article
- Article
- Exploiting bacterial-origin immunostimulants for improved vaccination and immunotherapy: current insights and future directions.Cell & bioscience · 2024Review
- Invention and characterization of a systemically administered, attenuated and killed bacteria-based multiple immune receptor agonist for anti-tumor immunotherapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Research progress and future directions of immune checkpoint inhibitor combination therapy in advanced gastric cancer.Therapeutic advances in medical oncology · 2024Review
- TL-532, a novel specific Toll-like receptor 3 agonist rationally designed for targeting cancers: discovery process and biological characterization.Microbial cell (Graz, Austria) · 2023Article
- Chemistry, structure and function of approved oligonucleotide therapeutics.Nucleic acids research · 2023Review
- Structures and Applications of Nucleic Acid-Based Micelles for Cancer Therapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Immunotherapy using checkpoint blockade has revolutionized cancer treatment, improving patient survival and quality of life. Nevertheless, the clinical outcomes of such immunotherapy are highly heterogeneous between patients. Depending on the cancer type, the patient response rates to this immunotherapy are limited to 20-30%. Based on the mechanism underlying the antitumor immune response, new therapeutic strategies have been designed with the aim of increasing the effectiveness and specificity of the antitumor immune response elicited by checkpoint blockade agents. The activation of toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) by its synthetic agonists induces the antitumor response within the innate immunity arm, generating adjuvant effects and priming the adaptive immune response elicited by checkpoint blockade during the effector phase of tumor-cell killing. This review first describes the underlying mechanisms of action and current status of monotherapy using TLR9 agonists and immune checkpoint inhibitors for cancer immunotherapy. The rationale for combining these two agents is discussed, and evidence indicating the current status of such combination therapy as a novel cancer treatment strategy is presented.
Indexed as
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.