ReviewFrontiers in immunology2020
Anti-PD-1/PD-L1 Blockade Immunotherapy Employed in Treating Hepatitis B Virus Infection-Related Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Literature Review.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 73 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
73 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 118 citations in OpenAlex.
- The efficacy of neoadjuvant immunotherapy in gastric cancer, adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction, and esophageal cancer: a meta-analysis.Frontiers in oncology · 2024Pooled it
- Immunological Determinants of Oncogenic Virus-Driven Cancers in Africa: Mechanisms, Co-Infections and Public Health Challenges.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Article
- Immune escape mechanisms and therapeutic advances in virus-associated hematological malignancies.Blood cancer journal · 2026Review
- HBV reprograms the tumor microenvironment in hepatocellular carcinoma: mechanisms and therapeutic implications.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2026Review
- HBx hijacks the miR-19a-3p/BAMBI/TGF-β1 axis to impair the anti-tumour activity of CD4Clinical and translational medicine · 2026Article
- TNFAIP1 suppresses hepatocellular carcinoma progression via the PXR/CYP3A4 signaling axis.American journal of cancer research · 2026Article
- Beyond viral suppression: combining PEG-interferon with novel immunotherapies for functional cure of chronic hepatitis B.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Review
- Effectiveness and Safety of Atezolizumab Plus Bevacizumab in Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Multicenter, Retrospective Real-World Study in China.Clinical Medicine Insights. Oncology · 2026Article
- Review
- The gut microbiota: an emerging modulator of drug resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma.Gut microbes · 2025Review
- Antineoplastic agents-associated hepatitis B virus reactivation: Research progress and molecular mechanisms.Virus research · 2025Review
- The interplay between hepatitis B virus and antitumor drugs in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2025Review
- The immune microenvironment of pathogen-associated cancers and current clinical therapeutics.Molecular cancer · 2025Review
- HBsAg loss in HIV/HBV coinfected patients: Hepatitis B cure insights and implications.Infectious diseases & immunity · 2025Review
- Genomic medicine in hepatology: mechanisms and liver treatment strategies.Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2025Review
- Balancing Host Defense and Viral Tolerance for the Development of Next-Generation Broad-Spectrum Antiviral Agents.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- HBV reactivation and prognosis after systemic therapy in HCC with undetectable HBV DNA: a multicenter retrospective study.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Genomic landscape of virus-associated cancers.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Up-regulated programmed cell death protein-1/its ligand 1 expression promotes metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease malignant progression.World journal of gastrointestinal oncology · 2025Article
13 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is regarded as the main etiological risk factor in the process of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), as it promotes an immunosuppressive microenvironment that is partially mediated by the programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) signaling pathway. The tumor microenvironment (TME) of HBV-related HCC is indeed more immunosuppressive than microenvironments not associated with viruses. And compared to TME in hepatitis C virus (HCV) infected HCC, TME of HBV-related HCC is less vascularized and presents different immune components resulting in similar immunosuppression. However, few studies are focusing on the specific side effects and efficacy of PD-1/PD-L1 blockade immunotherapy in HBV-related HCC patients, as well as on the underlying mechanism. Herein, we reviewed the basic research focusing on potential TME alteration caused by HBV infection, especially in HCC patients. Moreover, we reviewed PD-1/PD-L1 blockade immunotherapy clinical trials to clarify the safety and efficacy of this newly developed treatment in the particular circumstances of HBV infection. We found that patients with HBV-related HCC displayed an acceptable safety profile similar to those of non-infected HCC patients. However, we could not determine the antiviral activity of PD-1/PD-L1 blockade because standard anti-viral therapies were conducted in all of the current clinical trials, which made it difficult to distinguish the potential influence of PD-1/PD-L1 blockade on HBV infection. Generally, the objective response rates (ORRs) of PD-1/PD-L1 blockade immunotherapy did not differ significantly between virus-positive and virus-negative patients, except that disease control rates (DCRs) were obviously lower in HBV-infected HCC patients.
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