ArticleClinical epidemiology2020
Effect of Smoking on Breast Cancer by Adjusting for Smoking Misclassification Bias and Confounders Using a Probabilistic Bias Analysis Method.
Article in Clinical epidemiology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed.
- Critical Appraisal of Causality Observational Studies: A Case-Study of the Effect of Tattoo on Malignant Lymphoma.International journal of preventive medicine · 2026Article
- Breast cancer risk during oral contraceptive use in women with high polygenic risk.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2025Article
- Interaction between opium use and cigarette smoking on bladder cancer: An inverse probability weighting approach based on a multicenter case-control study in Iran.Global epidemiology · 2025Article
- Comparison of outcomes between off-pump and on-pump coronary artery bypass graft surgery using collaborative targeted maximum likelihood estimation.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- The effect of smoking on latent hazard classes of metabolic syndrome using latent class causal analysis method in the Iranian population.BMC public health · 2023Article
- Impact of Alcohol Consumption on Multiple Sclerosis Using Model-based Standardization and Misclassification Adjustment Via Probabilistic Bias Analysis.Archives of Iranian medicine · 2023Article
- Effect of alcohol consumption on breast cancer: probabilistic bias analysis for adjustment of exposure misclassification bias and confounders.BMC medical research methodology · 2023Article
- Cancer incidence, mortality, and survivorship in African women: a comparative analysis (2016-2020).Frontiers in global women's health · 2023Article
- Longitudinal effects of lipid indices on incident cardiovascular diseases adjusting for time-varying confounding using marginal structural models: 25 years follow-up of two US cohort studies.Global epidemiology · 2022Article
- The Association Between Smoking Status and Breast Cancer Recurrence: A Systematic Review.Journal of breast cancer · 2022Article
- Article
- Population attributable fraction in textbooks: Time to revise.Global epidemiology · 2021Article
- The causal effect and impact of reproductive factors on breast cancer using super learner and targeted maximum likelihood estimation: a case-control study in Fars Province, Iran.BMC public health · 2021Article
- Association Between Smoking And Cancers Among Women: Results From The FRiCaM Multisite Cohort Study.Journal of Cancer · 2021Article
- Unsafe Injection Is Associated with Higher HIV Testing after Bayesian Adjustment for Unmeasured Confounding.Archives of Iranian medicine · 2020Article
- Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeThe aim of this study was to determine the association between smoking and breast cancer after adjusting for smoking misclassification bias and confounders.
methodsIn this case-control study, 1000 women with breast cancer and 1000 healthy controls were selected. Using a probabilistic bias analysis method, the association between smoking and breast cancer was adjusted for the bias resulting from misclassification of smoking secondary to self-reporting as well as a minimally sufficient adjustment set of confounders derived from a causal directed acyclic graph (cDAG). Population attributable fraction (PAF) for smoking was calculated using Miettinen's formula.
resultsWhile the odds ratio (OR) from the conventional logistic regression model between smoking and breast cancer was 0.64 (95% CI: 0.36-1.13), the adjusted ORs from the probabilistic bias analysis were in the ranges of 2.63-2.69 and 1.73-2.83 for non-differential and differential misclassification, respectively. PAF ranges obtained were 1.36-1.72% and 0.62-2.01% using the non-differential bias analysis and differential bias analysis, respectively.
conclusionAfter misclassification correction for smoking, the non-significant negative-adjusted association between smoking and breast cancer changed to a significant positive-adjusted association.
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