ReviewJournal of inflammation research2020
Antibiotics, Inflammation, and Preterm Labor: A Missed Conclusion.
Review in Journal of inflammation research, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Review on the Vagus Nerve and Autonomic Nervous System During Fetal Development: Searching for Critical Windows.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2021Pooled it
- Effect of a chondroitin sulfate chain linked to the bikunin core peptide on gene expression in lipopolysaccharide-treated uterine cervical fibroblasts.Biochemistry and biophysics reports · 2025Article
- Treatment strategies for intra-amniotic infection and/or inflammation in preterm labor cases.European journal of obstetrics & gynecology and reproductive biology: X · 2025Article
- Th17/Treg Cell Imbalance May Contribute to Spontaneous Preterm Labor.Journal of immunology research · 2025Review
- Linking the Warburg effect to endometrial receptivity: metabolic parallels in embryo implantation.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2025Review
- Cargo exchange between human and bacterial extracellular vesicles in gestational tissues: a new paradigm in communication and immune development.Extracellular vesicles and circulating nucleic acids · 2024Review
- Predicting the Risk of Preterm Birth Throughout Pregnancy Based on a Novel Transcriptomic Signature.Maternal-fetal medicine (Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.) · 2023Article
- The effect of COVID-19 pandemic on antibiotic usage during pregnancy.Saudi medical journal · 2023Article
- The Effect of Progestins on Cytokine Production in the Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells of Menopausal Women and Their Luminol-Dependent Chemiluminescence.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Article
- IL-27 Mediates Th1 Cells Infiltration in Fetal Membranes in Preterm Labor.Reproductive sciences (Thousand Oaks, Calif.) · 2022Article
- The Role of IL-27 in the Systemic Inflammatory Response That Accompanies Preterm Labour.Inflammation · 2022Article
- Development and validation of a transcriptomic signature-based model as the predictive, preventive, and personalized medical strategy for preterm birth within 7 days in threatened preterm labor women.The EPMA journal · 2022Article
- The Effect of COVID-19 Pandemic on the Infants' Microbiota and the Probability of Development of Allergic and Autoimmune Diseases.International archives of allergy and immunology · 2022Review
- Adverse Birth Outcomes Among Pregnant Women With and Without COVID-19: A Comparative Study From Bangladesh.Journal of preventive medicine and public health = Yebang Uihakhoe chi · 2021Article
- Empiric antibiotics in management of inpatient pregnant women infected with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): Focusing on inflammation and preterm labor.Medical hypotheses · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Regarding the risk of antibiotic therapy during pregnancy, any medication given to the mother should be according to the indications due to the risk of possible side effects. Antibiotics are one of the most important groups of these medications to be considered. Along with direct antibiotic-induced side effects, indirect pathways also affect the fetus through the maternal changes. According to the data, different cytokines including interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) are involved in both term and preterm parturition. These cytokines could trigger expression of different substances such as prostaglandins (PGs), their receptors, and PGs synthetizing molecules with already proven roles in parturition. Moreover, IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-α knocked-out mice have delayed parturition and lower levels of PGs compared to the wild types. The earlier-mentioned cytokines are able to induce matrix metalloproteinases and are also involved in parturition. Certain antibiotics have been shown capable of inducing inflammation cascade directly. Both in-vivo and in-vitro studies in human have also demonstrated this inflammation as elevated levels of inflammatory cytokines especially IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-α. This increase has been observed both in the presence and the absence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Moreover, antibiotics can induce endotoxemia in healthy cases which finally leads to the pro-inflammatory cytokine release. Regarding the role of mentioned pro-inflammatory cytokines in both term and preterm parturition, it seems that non-indicated use of antibiotics during pregnancy may increase the risk of preterm labor.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.