ArticleJournal of inflammation research2020
"High Treg" Inflammations Promote (Most) Non-Hematologic Cancers While "Low Treg" Inflammations Promote Lymphoid Cancers.
Article in Journal of inflammation research, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 8 citations in OpenAlex.
- Reproducible and opposing gut microbiome signatures distinguish autoimmune diseases and cancers: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Microbiome · 2022Pooled it
- Interferons in Autoimmunity: From Loss of Tolerance to Chronic Inflammation.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- circ_SPEF2 Regulates the Balance of Treg Cells by Regulating miR-16-5p/BACH2 in Lymphoma and Participates in the Immune Response.Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine · 2023Article
- The Contrasting Seasonality Patterns of Some Cancer-Types and Herpes Zoster Can Be Explained by a Binary Classification of Immunological Reactions.Journal of inflammation research · 2022Article
- Cancer and Autoimmune Diseases: A Tale of Two Immunological Opposites?Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- The Binary Classification of Protein Kinases.Journal of inflammation research · 2021Article
- The Binary Model of Chronic Diseases Applied to COVID-19.Frontiers in immunologyArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In an earlier publication, a binary classification of chronic diseases has been proposed. Chronic diseases were classified as "high Treg" or "low Treg" diseases depending on whether the pro-inflammatory or the anti-inflammatory arms of the immune response are deficient. The present work uses this model to analyze the interplay between cancer and the immune system, based on published literature. The work leans upon the etiology of alcohol and tobacco-related malignancies. The main conclusions are: triggers of specific "high Treg" immune reaction promote most non-hematologic cancers, whereas triggers of "low Treg" immune reaction promote lymphomas. The opposite is also true: triggers of specific "high Treg" immune reaction suppress lymphoma, whereas triggers of "low Treg" immune reaction suppress non-hematologic cancers. Both lymphoma and autoimmune diseases are "low Treg" conditions. For this reason, both are promoted by the same panel of "low Treg" bacteria and parasites and are inhibited by "high Treg" triggers. For example, alcohol consumption, a "high Treg" trigger, protects against lymphoma and autoimmune hypothyroidism. In addition, the same immune-modulatory drugs are effective in the treatment of both lymphoma and autoimmune diseases. Like other cancers, lymphoma transforms from a "low Treg" type at early stage of the disease into a "high Treg" type at advanced stages. However, lymphoma is distinguished from most other cancers by the length of time it dwells at an indolent "low Treg" state (many years) before lymphoma cells sensitivity to transforming growth factor-beta is impaired. This impairment stimulates the switch from "low Treg" into "high Treg" response and results in immune escape. The application of this analysis to the pharmacological activity of checkpoint inhibitors forecasts that checkpoint inhibitors would not be effective in low-grade, indolent lymphomas. As of now, checkpoint inhibitors are approved for the treatment of advanced lymphoma only.
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