ArticleNeurology2020
Neurochemical evidence of astrocytic and neuronal injury commonly found in COVID-19.
2 registry-linked trialsOpen access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph
Article in Neurology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 233 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.
0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
233citing papers in PubMed, 7 pooled it
29.9field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Clinical Characteristics and Long Term Impact on Pediatric COVID-19 in Taiwan
Cognitive Impairment and Fatigue After Mild to Moderate COVID-19 - Relation to Biomarkers and Neuronal Network Functions
Who cites it
233 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 387 citations in OpenAlex.
- Systematic review and evidence gap mapping of biomarkers associated with neurological manifestations in patients with COVID-19.Journal of neurology · 2024Pooled it
- Blood Biomarkers as Prognostic Indicators for Neurological Injury in COVID-19 Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Pooled it
- Prognostic performance of blood neurofilament light chain protein in hospitalized COVID-19 patients without major central nervous system manifestations: an individual participant data meta-analysis.Journal of neurology · 2023Pooled it
- Imaging Markers of Neurologic Damage in COVID-19: A Systematic Review.Current medicinal chemistry · 2023Pooled it
- A Review of In Silico Research, SARS-CoV-2, and Neurodegeneration: Focus on Papain-Like Protease.Neurotoxicity research · 2022Pooled it
- Neurological and Head/Eyes/Ears/Nose/Throat Manifestations of COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.The Canadian journal of neurological sciences. Le journal canadien des sciences neurologiques · 2022Pooled it
- Cerebrospinal fluid in COVID-19: A systematic review of the literature.Journal of the neurological sciences · 2021Pooled it
- Trial
- Ultramicronized Palmitoylethanolamide and Luteolin Supplement Combined with Olfactory Training to Treat Post-COVID-19 Olfactory Impairment: A Multi-Center Double-Blinded Randomized Placebo- Controlled Clinical Trial.Current neuropharmacology · 2022Trial
- Long-COVID: assessment of circulating markers suggests no cerebral neuronal damage, neuroinflammation or systemic inflammation-a controlled study.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- A perfect storm: the immunological and pathophysiological landscape of pediatric post-COVID-19 condition.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Examining neuroimaging biomarkers, plasma biomarkers and cognitive functions in patients with recovered COVID-19 infection: a multicentre study using 7T MRI.Brain communications · 2026Article
- Distinct brain alterations and neurodegenerative processes in cognitive impairment associated with post-acute sequelae of COVID-19.Nature communications · 2025Article
- SARS-CoV-2 spike triggers TLR7-dependent endolysosome dysfunction and senescence in human astrocytes.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2025Article
- Cerebral microstructural alterations as an imaging biomarker for Post-COVID-condition.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Article
- Lipid profiling reveals unsaturated lipid reduction in women with Alzheimer's disease.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025Article
- Proteomic Profiling of Human Peripheral Blood Cell Targets of IgG Induced by SARS-CoV-2: Insights into Vaccine Safety.Vaccines · 2025Article
- The Molecular Mechanisms of Cognitive Dysfunction in Long COVID: A Narrative Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Article
173 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 6 institutions in 4 countries.
Nelly KanbergFrom the Department of Infectious Diseases (N.K., L.-M.A., A.Y., M.L., M.G.), Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, and Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine (N.J.A.), University of Gothenburg; Region Västra Götaland (N.K., L.-M.A., A.Y., M.G.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Department of Infectious Diseases, Gothenburg; Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry (N.J.A., K.B., H.Z.), Institute of Neuroscience & Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal; King's College London (N.J.A.), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute; NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health & Biomedical Research Unit for Dementia at South London & Maudsley NHS Foundation, London, UK; Department of Mathematical Sciences (S.N.), Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory (K.B., H.Z.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease (H.Z.), UCL Institute of Neurology, London; UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL (H.Z.), London; and Department of Neurology (R.W.P.), University of California San Francisco.
Nicholas J AshtonFrom the Department of Infectious Diseases (N.K., L.-M.A., A.Y., M.L., M.G.), Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, and Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine (N.J.A.), University of Gothenburg; Region Västra Götaland (N.K., L.-M.A., A.Y., M.G.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Department of Infectious Diseases, Gothenburg; Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry (N.J.A., K.B., H.Z.), Institute of Neuroscience & Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal; King's College London (N.J.A.), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute; NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health & Biomedical Research Unit for Dementia at South London & Maudsley NHS Foundation, London, UK; Department of Mathematical Sciences (S.N.), Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory (K.B., H.Z.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease (H.Z.), UCL Institute of Neurology, London; UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL (H.Z.), London; and Department of Neurology (R.W.P.), University of California San Francisco.
Lars-Magnus AnderssonFrom the Department of Infectious Diseases (N.K., L.-M.A., A.Y., M.L., M.G.), Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, and Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine (N.J.A.), University of Gothenburg; Region Västra Götaland (N.K., L.-M.A., A.Y., M.G.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Department of Infectious Diseases, Gothenburg; Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry (N.J.A., K.B., H.Z.), Institute of Neuroscience & Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal; King's College London (N.J.A.), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute; NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health & Biomedical Research Unit for Dementia at South London & Maudsley NHS Foundation, London, UK; Department of Mathematical Sciences (S.N.), Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory (K.B., H.Z.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease (H.Z.), UCL Institute of Neurology, London; UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL (H.Z.), London; and Department of Neurology (R.W.P.), University of California San Francisco.
Aylin YilmazFrom the Department of Infectious Diseases (N.K., L.-M.A., A.Y., M.L., M.G.), Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, and Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine (N.J.A.), University of Gothenburg; Region Västra Götaland (N.K., L.-M.A., A.Y., M.G.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Department of Infectious Diseases, Gothenburg; Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry (N.J.A., K.B., H.Z.), Institute of Neuroscience & Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal; King's College London (N.J.A.), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute; NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health & Biomedical Research Unit for Dementia at South London & Maudsley NHS Foundation, London, UK; Department of Mathematical Sciences (S.N.), Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory (K.B., H.Z.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease (H.Z.), UCL Institute of Neurology, London; UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL (H.Z.), London; and Department of Neurology (R.W.P.), University of California San Francisco.
Magnus LindhFrom the Department of Infectious Diseases (N.K., L.-M.A., A.Y., M.L., M.G.), Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, and Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine (N.J.A.), University of Gothenburg; Region Västra Götaland (N.K., L.-M.A., A.Y., M.G.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Department of Infectious Diseases, Gothenburg; Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry (N.J.A., K.B., H.Z.), Institute of Neuroscience & Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal; King's College London (N.J.A.), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute; NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health & Biomedical Research Unit for Dementia at South London & Maudsley NHS Foundation, London, UK; Department of Mathematical Sciences (S.N.), Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory (K.B., H.Z.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease (H.Z.), UCL Institute of Neurology, London; UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL (H.Z.), London; and Department of Neurology (R.W.P.), University of California San Francisco.
Staffan NilssonFrom the Department of Infectious Diseases (N.K., L.-M.A., A.Y., M.L., M.G.), Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, and Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine (N.J.A.), University of Gothenburg; Region Västra Götaland (N.K., L.-M.A., A.Y., M.G.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Department of Infectious Diseases, Gothenburg; Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry (N.J.A., K.B., H.Z.), Institute of Neuroscience & Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal; King's College London (N.J.A.), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute; NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health & Biomedical Research Unit for Dementia at South London & Maudsley NHS Foundation, London, UK; Department of Mathematical Sciences (S.N.), Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory (K.B., H.Z.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease (H.Z.), UCL Institute of Neurology, London; UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL (H.Z.), London; and Department of Neurology (R.W.P.), University of California San Francisco.
Richard W PriceFrom the Department of Infectious Diseases (N.K., L.-M.A., A.Y., M.L., M.G.), Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, and Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine (N.J.A.), University of Gothenburg; Region Västra Götaland (N.K., L.-M.A., A.Y., M.G.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Department of Infectious Diseases, Gothenburg; Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry (N.J.A., K.B., H.Z.), Institute of Neuroscience & Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal; King's College London (N.J.A.), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute; NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health & Biomedical Research Unit for Dementia at South London & Maudsley NHS Foundation, London, UK; Department of Mathematical Sciences (S.N.), Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory (K.B., H.Z.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease (H.Z.), UCL Institute of Neurology, London; UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL (H.Z.), London; and Department of Neurology (R.W.P.), University of California San Francisco.
Kaj BlennowFrom the Department of Infectious Diseases (N.K., L.-M.A., A.Y., M.L., M.G.), Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, and Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine (N.J.A.), University of Gothenburg; Region Västra Götaland (N.K., L.-M.A., A.Y., M.G.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Department of Infectious Diseases, Gothenburg; Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry (N.J.A., K.B., H.Z.), Institute of Neuroscience & Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal; King's College London (N.J.A.), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute; NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health & Biomedical Research Unit for Dementia at South London & Maudsley NHS Foundation, London, UK; Department of Mathematical Sciences (S.N.), Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory (K.B., H.Z.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease (H.Z.), UCL Institute of Neurology, London; UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL (H.Z.), London; and Department of Neurology (R.W.P.), University of California San Francisco.
Henrik ZetterbergFrom the Department of Infectious Diseases (N.K., L.-M.A., A.Y., M.L., M.G.), Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, and Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine (N.J.A.), University of Gothenburg; Region Västra Götaland (N.K., L.-M.A., A.Y., M.G.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Department of Infectious Diseases, Gothenburg; Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry (N.J.A., K.B., H.Z.), Institute of Neuroscience & Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal; King's College London (N.J.A.), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute; NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health & Biomedical Research Unit for Dementia at South London & Maudsley NHS Foundation, London, UK; Department of Mathematical Sciences (S.N.), Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory (K.B., H.Z.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease (H.Z.), UCL Institute of Neurology, London; UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL (H.Z.), London; and Department of Neurology (R.W.P.), University of California San Francisco.
Magnus GisslénFrom the Department of Infectious Diseases (N.K., L.-M.A., A.Y., M.L., M.G.), Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, and Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine (N.J.A.), University of Gothenburg; Region Västra Götaland (N.K., L.-M.A., A.Y., M.G.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Department of Infectious Diseases, Gothenburg; Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry (N.J.A., K.B., H.Z.), Institute of Neuroscience & Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal; King's College London (N.J.A.), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute; NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health & Biomedical Research Unit for Dementia at South London & Maudsley NHS Foundation, London, UK; Department of Mathematical Sciences (S.N.), Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory (K.B., H.Z.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease (H.Z.), UCL Institute of Neurology, London; UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL (H.Z.), London; and Department of Neurology (R.W.P.), University of California San Francisco. magnus.gisslen@infect.gu.se.
Neuroscience Institute · ITChalmers University of Technology · SECentre for Mental Health · GBKing's College London · GBUniversity College London · GBUniversity of California, San Francisco · US
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo test the hypothesis that coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has an impact on the CNS by measuring plasma biomarkers of CNS injury.
methodsWe recruited 47 patients with mild (n = 20), moderate (n = 9), or severe (n = 18) COVID-19 and measured 2 plasma biomarkers of CNS injury by single molecule array, neurofilament light chain protein (NfL; a marker of intra-axonal neuronal injury) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAp; a marker of astrocytic activation/injury), in samples collected at presentation and again in a subset after a mean of 11.4 days. Cross-sectional results were compared with results from 33 age-matched controls derived from an independent cohort.
resultsThe patients with severe COVID-19 had higher plasma concentrations of GFAp (
conclusionWe show neurochemical evidence of neuronal injury and glial activation in patients with moderate and severe COVID-19. Further studies are needed to clarify the frequency and nature of COVID-19-related CNS damage and its relation to both clinically defined CNS events such as hypoxic and ischemic events and mechanisms more closely linked to systemic severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection and consequent immune activation, as well as to evaluate the clinical utility of monitoring plasma NfL and GFAp in the management of this group of patients.
Indexed as
AdultAgedAge FactorsAstrocytesBetacoronavirusBiomarkersCase-Control StudiesCoronavirus InfectionsCOVID-19FemaleFollow-Up StudiesGlial Fibrillary Acidic ProteinHumansMaleMiddle AgedNeurofilament ProteinsBiomarkersGFAP protein, humanGlial Fibrillary Acidic Proteinneurofilament protein LNeurofilament Proteins
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Read underepoch 390
Registered trials
NCT05582512ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT06042530ClinicalTrials.gov
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.