Evidence map›Paper›PMID 32546149›Full record

ArticleBMC oral health2020

Comparison of antimicrobial prescribing for dental and oral infections in England and Scotland with Norway and Sweden and their relative contribution to national consumption 2010-2016.

Andrew Smith, Rania Al-Mahdi, William Malcolm, Nikolaus Palmer, Gunnar Dahlen, Mohammed Al-Haroni

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in BMC oral health, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
21citing papers in PubMed
2.4field-weighted citation impact, top 9% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

21 citing papers in PubMed, 30 citations in OpenAlex.

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  5. Costs-Outcome Description Arising From Side Effects due the Over-Prescription of Antibiotics in Oral Healthcare in Chile.Journal of oral pathology & medicine : official publication of the International Association of Oral Pathologists and the American Academy of Oral Pathology · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.

Andrew SmithUniversity of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland.
Rania Al-MahdiDepartment of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromso, Norway.
William MalcolmHealth Protection Scotland, NHS National Services Scotland, Glasgow, Scotland, UK.
Nikolaus PalmerHealth Education England-North West, Liverpool, England, UK.
Gunnar DahlenInstitute of odontology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
Mohammed Al-HaroniDepartment of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromso, Norway. Mohammed.Al-Haroni@uit.no.ORCID 0000-0002-7347-7016
UiT The Arctic University of Norway · NOHealth Education North West · GBHealth Protection Scotland · GBUniversity of Glasgow · GBUniversity of Gothenburg · SE

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundPrescribing in dental practice has a relatively small but important contribution to the quantity of antibiotics prescribed in primary care. This study aimed to analyse antibiotic prescribing in dentistry over time (2010-2016) in 4 different Northern European countries and their relative contribution to national outpatients consumption.

methodsThis retrospective study evaluated the frequency and number of national antibiotic prescriptions written by dentists in England, Scotland, Norway and Sweden. The consumption of such antibiotics was measured using WHO defined daily doses (DDDs), DDDs per 100,000 inhabitants per day (DIDs

resultsA total of more than 27 million prescriptions (27,026,599) archived between 2010 and 2016 from the four countries were analysed. The national contribution of Norwegian dentists to the total primary care prescription during this period was 8%. The corresponding figures for Sweden, Scotland and England were 7, 6, and 8%. Dental contribution to National antibiotic use in all four countries has decreased over the study time period for commonly prescribed antibiotics in dentistry, i.e., the beta-lactams (Phenoxymethyl penicillin/Amoxicillin) and metronidazole. There were less numbers of prescriptions by dentists in Norway and Sweden compared to England and Scotland. Marked differences in some classes of antibiotics were noted with Phenoxymethyl penicillin dominating in Sweden/Norway compared to Amoxicillin and Metronidazole in England/Scotland. In England and Scotland, dentists were the largest prescribers of metronidazole in primary care. Clindamycin prescriptions was higher in Norway and Sweden.

conclusionNoticeable differences exist in prescribing patterns for the management of oral infections. High levels of metronidazole use in England and Scotland also require further analysis. All countries over the study period showed a decrease in total numbers of antibiotics prescribed.

Indexed as

AmoxicillinAnti-Bacterial AgentsBacterial InfectionsClindamycinDrug PrescriptionsEnglandHumansMetronidazoleNorwayPenicillin VRetrospective StudiesScotlandSpiramycinSwedenAmoxicillinAnti-Bacterial AgentsClindamycinMetronidazolePenicillin VphenoxymethylanhydropenicillinSpiramycinAmoxicillinAntibioticsClindamycinConsumptionDefined daily doses (DDD)DentistryMetronidazolePhenoxymethyl penicillinPrescriptionsSpiramycin

Identifiers

PMID32546149
PMCPMC7298788
OpenAlexW3034210254

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.