Evidence map›Paper›PMID 32546076›Full record

ArticleQualitative health research2020

Racism in European Health Care: Structural Violence and Beyond.

Sarah Hamed, Suruchi Thapar-Björkert, Hannah Bradby, Beth Maina Ahlberg

Open access · hybridAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Qualitative health research, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 61 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
61citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
5.7field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

61 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 133 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Structural Violence and Health-Related Outcomes in Europe: A Descriptive Systematic Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021
    Pooled it
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  8. Are the Australian Dietary Guidelines Fit for Purpose for Culturally Diverse Populations? A Qualitative Study.Health promotion journal of Australia : official journal of Australian Association of Health Promotion Professionals · 2026
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  10. How does ethnic minority youth's dual self-identification affect the formation of interethnic ties in friendship networks?Journal of research on adolescence : the official journal of the Society for Research on Adolescence · 2026
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  11. [Rethinking patient-centered care through an intersectional lens: pathways to health equity].Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung, Gesundheitsschutz · 2026
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  12. Review
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  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Unseen barriers: addressing racism in European healthcare.International journal for equity in health · 2025
    Article
  20. Article

1 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Sarah HamedUppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.ORCID 0000-0001-8547-8772
Suruchi Thapar-BjörkertDepartment of Government, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
Hannah BradbyDepartment of Sociology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
Beth Maina AhlbergDepartment of Sociology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
Uppsala University · SE

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Research shows how racism can negatively affect access to health care and treatment. However, limited theoretical research exists on conceptualizing racism in health care. In this article, we use structural violence as a theoretical tool to understand how racism as an institutionalized social structure is enacted in subtle ways and how the "violence" built into forms of social organization is rendered invisible through repetition and routinization. We draw on interviews with health care users from three European countries, namely, Sweden, Germany, and Portugal to demonstrate how two interrelated processes of unequal access to resources and inequalities in power can lead to the silencing of suffering and erosion of dignity, respectively. The strength of this article lies in illuminating the mechanisms of subtle racism that damages individuals and leads to loss of trust in health care. It is imperative to address these issues to ensure a responsive and equal health care for all users.

Indexed as

RacismDelivery of Health CareEuropeGermanyHumansPortugalSwedenViolenceEuropehealth carequalitative researchracismstructural violence

Identifiers

PMID32546076
PMCPMC7410275
OpenAlexW3034664657

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.